carbon L7 security, pathways, examples

Question 1

Per Capita Energy Consumption

physical availability

Answer 1

domestic supply
- high supply, high consumption (& vice versa)

Question 2

Per Capita Energy Consumption

cost

Answer 2

cost of petrol cheaper in US so more driving and more petrol bought

Question 3

Per Capita Energy Consumption

technology

Answer 3

• wealth & development
• about efficiency really — efficient = less energy use
• green energy, LEDS - 90% less energy than incandescent lights

Question 4

Per Capita Energy Consumption

standard of living

Answer 4

• demands higher if richer
• lower demand when lower income
• china can now afford air conditioning — no one had it 30 years ago

Question 5

Per Capita Energy Consumption

environmental priorities

Answer 5

• political - govts make decision between sustainability and cost
• green tax - petrol tax in UK - 60p/l

Question 6

Per Capita Energy Consumption

climate

Answer 6

temperate places should use less due to mild weather

high levels of consumption in wealthy countries to cope with temperature
(canada - cold)

Question 7

Per Capita Energy Consumption

economic development

Answer 7

HIC - MIC
- energy intensity — higher intensity, big heavy industries

Question 8

Per Capita Energy Consumption

public perceptions

Answer 8

societal norms - USA waste

EU - climate shame

Question 9

what is ENERGY MIX

Answer 9

• balance of domestic (reliable)& foreign energy sources
• balance of primary (fossil fuels) & secondary (electricity) sources
• balance of renewable (not baseload compliant) versus non-renewable (finite)

Question 10

What is Energy Dependency?

Answer 10

depending on imports of energy sources

Question 11

what are Energy Pathways

Answer 11

flow of energy from producer to consumer is known as an energy pathway
- oil/gas pipelines
- oil tanker sea routes
- electricity power lines

SUPPLY DEMAND MISMATCH

Question 12

change in gas pathways

Answer 12

PAST: short and adjacent (UK & NORWAY)

NOW: longer and more complex (boat - aus, qatar, usa) (russia pipeline - LNG)

Question 13

RUSSIA - GAZPROM

Answer 13

remains 2nd largest producer of natural gas (USA no.1)
- 2nd largest exporter
— estimated 196 billion cubic metres per year
- Gazprom state owned TNC

Question 14

other energy pathway facts

Answer 14

• european natural gas production
  fallen over 50% over 2010-2020
• NORDSTREAM russian/germany cost germany $45bn — not in use