Cardio_Comp

Question 1

Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]

- Frothy

Answer 1

Pulmonary Edema

Question 2

Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]

- Mucoid

Answer 2

Asthma

Question 3

Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]

- Purulent

Answer 3

Lung Abscess

Question 4

Sputum Quality/Color [per Scorebuilders]

- Blood-tinged

Answer 4

Tuberculosis

Question 5

Breath sounds and Fremitus conditions [per Scorebuiders

- Decreased breath sounds; decreased fremitus

Answer 5

Pleural Effusion

Question 6

Breath sounds and Fremitus conditions [per Scorebuiders

- Decreased breath sounds; increased fremitus

Answer 6

• Atelectasis
• Consolidation
• Pulmonary Edema

Question 7

Medication side effects:

• Increased blood pressure (secondary to sodium and water retention)
• Mood changes, Visual changes, rapid weight gain

Answer 7

Corticosteroids

- e.g. Methylprednisolone

Question 8

Medications:

• Increase the force and velocity of myocardial contraction
• slow heart rate
• decrease conduction velocity through the AV node (resulting in prolonged p-r interval)
• decrease degree of activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Positive Inotropic Agents
- Indications:
-- Heart Failure
-- Atrial Fibrillation
Examples:
- Digoxin, Lanoxin

Question 9

Medication side effects:

• Cardiac arrhyhmias
• GI distress
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Bradycardia
• bloody/tarry stools
• Halos

Answer 9

Positive Inotropic Agents

Question 10

Hematocrit Ranges for males:

Answer 10

39% - 46%

Question 11

WBC count range:

Answer 11

3.5 - 9.1 (times 10x3/mmx3)

Question 12

Platelet count range

Answer 12

165,000 - 415,000

- Less than 50,000 indicates thrombocytopenic precautions

Question 13

Hemoglobin range (males)

Answer 13

13.3 - 16.2 gm/dL

Question 14

Rapid heartrate (rapid atrial tachycardia 250-350bpm), REGULAR rhythm, sawtooth P waves

Answer 14

ATRIAL FLUTTER

- Atrial fibrillation is similar, but with irregular rhythm

Question 15

Normal ejection fraction:

Answer 15

55% - 70%

Question 16

Acute care line function:

1. Measures arterial blood pressure in real time
2. Obtain samples for arterial blood gas analysis

Answer 16

Arterial line

• Typically inserted into the radial or brachial arteries in the UE’s
• Typically inserted into the femoral, posterior tibial or dorsal pedal artery in the LE’s.

Question 17

FEV(1)/FVC ratio “normal” (i.e. between 80%-90%)

Answer 17

Normal with RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE

- i.e. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosus

Question 18

FEV(1)/FVC ratio less than 70%

Answer 18

Less than 70% with OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE

• i.e:
• • Cystic Fibrosis
• • Chronic Bronchitis
• • Emphysema

Question 19

Probability of obtaining a negative test among individuals without the disease (true negatives)

Answer 19

Specificity

Question 20

Probability of obtaining a positive test among individuals with the disease (true positives)

Answer 20

Sensitivity

Question 21

Postural Drainage:

- Patient in supine with foot of bed elevated 18”. Percussion applied over the lower ribs on the left and right sides

Answer 21

Anterior Basal Segments of the L/R lower lobes

Question 22

Postural Drainage:

- Prone, with two pillows under the hips. Percussion applied below the inferior border of the left and right scapulae

Answer 22

Superior Segments of the L/R lower lobes

Question 23

Cardiac Rehab Phase 1 limitations [per Scorebuilders]

Answer 23

• HR no greater than 130bpm
• HR no greater than 20 bpm above resting HR (for MI patients) or 30bpm (for post-surgical)
• No greater than 10mmHg decrease in systolic BP
• Diastolic BP no greater than 110mmHg

Question 24

Borg RPE of 11-12 corresponds to:

Answer 24

Fairly light

- approx 60% of heart rate range

Question 25

Borg RPE of 13-14 corresponds to:

Answer 25

Somewhat hard | - approx 70% of heart rate range

Question 26

Borg RPE of 16 corresponds to:

Answer 26

Very hard | - approx 85% of the heart rate range

Question 27

Oxygen concentration increases by approx ____% per 1L/min increase in supplemental O2.

Answer 27

4% - must add this to base room air percentage of 21% - e.g. if nasal cannula at 3L/min, then: - - 21% (room air) + 12% (3L at 4% ea.) = 33%

Question 28

Acute Care Line Function: 1. Deliver chemotherapy 2. Withdrawal of blood for analysis 3. Monitoring central venous pressure

Answer 28

Hickman Catheter - Also called central venous catheter or central venous line - Inserted in the jugular vein or other large vein and advanced to the superior vena cava.

Question 29

Continuous low pitched sounds having a snoring or gurgling quality [Scorebuilders]

Answer 29

Rhonchi | - Caused by air passing through an airway obstructed by inflammatory secretions, liquids, bronchial spasm or neoplasms

Question 30

Low frequency sound of turbulence heard during early diastole

Answer 30

S3 | - Abnormal sound due to poor ventricular compliance and turbulence

Question 31

Low frequency sound hear during late-diastole

Answer 31

S4 | - Due to exaggerated atrial contraction and subsequent turbulence

Question 32

Hemodynamic response to beta-adrenergic blocking agents during exercise (2 components)

Answer 32

Heart rate low at rest and minimal rise (blunted rise) during exercise

Question 33

Claudication Scale: | - Minimal discomfort or pain

Answer 33

Grade I

Question 34

Claudication Scale: | - Moderate discomfort or pain; patient's attention can be diverted

Answer 34

Grade II

Question 35

Claudication Scale: | - Intense pain; patient's attention cannot be diverted

Answer 35

Grade III

Question 36

Claudication Scale: | - Excruciating and unbearable pain

Answer 36

Grade IV

Question 37

Acute Care Line: [Dr. Kyle Rice Cheat Sheet] - Long thin tube with a balloon tip on the end typically inserted into the right side of the heart. - Function: 1. Monitor pulmonary artery pressure 2. Measure effectiveness of cardiovascular medications 3. Diagnose right heart failure 4. Measure right ventricular filling pressure

Answer 37

Swan-Ganz Catheter (PAC) - Also known as the pulmonary artery catheter - Most commonly used with: 1. Heart failure 2. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 3. Heart Function Post-MI 4. Cardiomyopathy