Cardiovascular

Question 1

tunica intima

Answer 1

• lines the lumen
• endothelial cells
• underlying CT
• inner elastic lamina

Question 2

tunica media

Answer 2

• smooth muscle
• elastic lamina
• elastic fibers
• external elastic lamina

Question 3

tunica adventitia

Answer 3

• CT
• blood vessels
• nerves

Question 4

vessel components made by smooth muscle

Answer 4

• inner elastic lamina
• elastic lamina
• elastic fibers
• external elastic lamina

Question 5

artery shape

Answer 5

• thick wall

- circular

Question 6

vein shape

Answer 6

-thin wall, less circular

Question 7

elastic arteries

Answer 7

• large variation in size
• typically over 10mm OD
• contain fenestrated elastic lamina in tunica media
• reduce pulsatile flow
• contain blood and nerve supply

Question 8

muscular arteries

Answer 8

• large variation in size
• typically 10-40 layers of SM
• contain inner elastic lamina (IEL)
• contain external elastic lamina when large
• reduce pulsatile flow

Question 9

small arteries

Answer 9

• usually 3-10 layers of smooth muscle
• inner elastic lamina in large ones
• smooth muscle wraps around the artery, the endothelial cells are arranged longitudinally

Question 10

veins will not have…

Answer 10

• IEL or EEL

- flow is not pulsatile

Question 11

arterioles

Answer 11

• microcirculation
• usually contain less than 3 layers of smooth muscle
• no elastic laminae
• most commonly associated with accompanying venule

Question 12

capillaries

Answer 12

• microcirculation
• consist of endothelial cells and basal lamina
• no tunica media
• no T adventitia
• usually 4-10 um n diameter (just large enough for RBC’s to pass through)

Question 13

continous capillary

Answer 13

-found in nervouse tissue, muscle and CT

Question 14

fenestrated cap

Answer 14

-typically found in endocrine glands and kidney glomerulus

Question 15

pericytes

Answer 15

• lie within capillary basal lamina
• regulate capillary permeability (blood brain barrier)
• contractile
• help control endothelial proliferation
• communicate via gap junctions

Question 16

venules

Answer 16

• endothelial cell wall
• no t media
• no T adventitia
• ususally 10-50nm in diameter
• leaky (most lymph and white blood cells exit here)
• histamine sensitive

Question 17

small/medium veins

Answer 17

• endothelial cell wall
• smooth muscle in T media
• thick T adventitia
• usually 0.1-10mm in diameter
• have valves (in extremities)

Question 18

large veins

Answer 18

-longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle in tunica adventitia
-elastic fibers also present
-

Question 19

portal system

Answer 19

• arteris enter in the digestive tract
• capillaries of the digestive tract found in stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen
• hepatic portal vein carries the nutrients picked up here into the liver
• then the hepativ vein leavs the liver to meet back up with inferior vena cava

Question 20

heart wall from most innner to most outer

Answer 20

• endocardium (tunica intima)
• myocardium (tunica media)
• visceral pricardium (epicardium, tunica adventitia)
• pericardial cavity
• parietal pericardium

Question 21

endocardium

Answer 21

-contains purkinje fibers (conduction myocytes)

-

Question 22

coronary arteries found in…

Answer 22

-epicardium

Question 23

atherosclerotic placque

Answer 23

• focal thickening of intima
• ECM
• macrophages with lipid (foam cells)
• SMC’s with lipid
• cholesterol deposits
• prone to induce clotting

Question 24

complications of atherosclerosis

Answer 24

• myocardial infarction
• angina
• conductive anomalies (eg arrhythmias)

Question 25

histamine release during inflammation causes

Answer 25

-increased vascular permeability (edema)