What is the most common heart defect?
VSD is the most common defect
Congenital heart defects result from abnormal structural development of the heart and/or vessels. Most heart defects occur within the first _____ weeks of gestation
first 8 weeks of gestation
Murmurs
Are a result of turbulent blood flow through the heart. They are evaluated based on timing within the normal heart cycle (systolic vs diastolic), intensity (I-VI), location, radiation, pitch, and quality. They can be innocent or pathologic
Innocent Murmurs
Murmurs that are not associated with any anatomic abnormality. They are also referred to as functional, still’s or vibratory
What is the most common innocent murmur?
Still’s murmur; heard most frequently from 3 to 7 years of age
What four diagnoses account for majority of murmurs noted in children?
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Innocent Murmur
d. Peripheral pulmonic stenosis (PPS) of the newborn
What are the characteristics of a typical Still’s murmur?
- Systolic (LLSB out to apex)
- Low intensity (grade 1 to 3)
- Short duration, NOT holosystolic (never associated with precordial thrill)
- Well localized, poorly transmitted
- Intensity typically varies with position change (louder when supine) or respiration
Abnormal heart sounds in systole and/or diastole
- May be associated with thrill, gallop, click, lift or heave
- Sound does not change with body position or respirator
- Diastolic mururs are ALWAYS pathologic
- for a murmur to be graded IV/VI, there must be a palpable thrill
Pathologic murmurs
What are common innocent murmurs
- Still’s murmur
- Low-intensity systolic ejection murmur:
- physiologic peripheral pulmonary stenosis
- venous hum
- Pulmonary or aortic flow murmur
