Cardiovascular - additional diagnostics and labs

Question 1

creatine kinase MB

Answer 1

released by necrotic myocardial cells

Question 2

Troponin I and Troponin T

Answer 2

released by necrotic myocardial cells, detected ~4 hours after MI

Question 3

High sensitivity Troponin

Answer 3

• this test detects troponin I and T but at much lower levels (the test itself is more sensitive)
• can detect MI earlier, also unstable angina
• may also be positive for stable angina

Question 4

Stress Test

Answer 4

abnormalities in cardiovascular function are more likely to be detected during increased demand/stress, atherosclerotic arteries dilate less in response to increased demand

types:

1) exercise
2) pharmacologic

Question 5

Ejection Fraction

Answer 5

• measured using echocardiography
• % of end diastolic blood volume ejected from ventricle with each heart beat
• normally 50-55

Question 6

BNP

Answer 6

brain natriuretic peptide, secreted in response to increased preload (atrial stretch), elevation can be indicative of heart failure

Question 7

D Dimer

Answer 7

protein that is present in blood after a clot has been dissolved

Question 8

Lipid profile

Answer 8

shows cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein levels

high levels of LDL or low levels of HDL increases risk of coronary artery disease