Cardiovascular Problems

Question 1

Diuretic (thiazide) (2)

Answer 1

• HCTZ, Chlorthalidone

* NA, K, MG depleting, calcium sparing

Question 2

ACEI/ARBs (6)

Answer 2

K sparing, risk for hyperkalemia
Do not use in pregnancy
ACEI: Lisinopril, enalapril
 •ACEI induced cough
 •ACEI induced angioedema, rare
ARB: Losartan

Question 3

Calcium channel blockers (CCB) (3)

Answer 3

Amlodipine (Norvasc), Diltiazem (Cardizem)
•Ankle edema
•Use in caution with heart failure, renal, or hepatic impairement

Question 4

Beta blockers (3)

Answer 4

Atenolol, Metoprolol (lopressor), propranolol (Inderal)
•Avoid non-cardioselective beta blockers (propranolol, nadolol) in lower airway disease
•Not first line medication

Question 5

Aldosterone antagonist (4)

Answer 5

Spironolactone (aldactone)
•Hyperkalemia risk
•Gynecomastia with prolonged use
•Not first line medication

Question 6

LDL-Lowering statin treatments (4)

Answer 6

• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) (Simvastatin (Zocor), atorvastatin (Lipitor), rosuvastatin (crestor), pravastatin (pravachol)
• Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor (Ezetimibe (Zetia)
• Proprotein convertase/subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (Evolocumab (Repatha), Alirocumab (Praluent)
• ACL (adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase) inhibitors (non statin) (Bempedoic acid (Nextelol)

Question 7

Triglyceride lowering treatments (2)

Answer 7

• Omega 3 fatty acid (increased risk of bleeding)

* Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates) (risk of myopathy esp. when taken with statins)