Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is part of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

• heart
• blood vessels

Question 2

What does the blood carry?

Answer 2

oxygen and nutrients to cells and aids in eliminating wastes

Question 3

Where is the heart located?

Answer 3

slightly left of midline/sternum

Question 4

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 4

pump to move blood throughout the body

Question 5

What is the endocardium? What is the function?

Answer 5

innermost layer of the heart
- lines the atria and venticles

Question 6

What is the myocardium?

Answer 6

muscular layer of the heart

Question 7

What is the pericardium? What is the function?

Answer 7

outermost area
- membrane that surrounds the heart
- secretes pericardial fluid

Question 8

What are the 4 champers of the heart?

Answer 8

2 atria (upper)
2 ventricles (lower)

Question 9

What are the valves between the atria and ventricles?

Answer 9

• tricuspid: between right atrium and ventricle
• bicuspid (mitral): between left atrium and ventricle

Question 10

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 10

valves between ventricles and arteries
- pulmonary
- aortic

Question 11

What do arteries do?

Answer 11

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 12

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 12

sends oxygenated blood to the body

Question 13

What is the function of a vein?

Answer 13

carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 14

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

Answer 14

brings blood from the head/arms to the heart

Question 15

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 15

brings blood from the abdomen and legs into the heart

Question 16

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 16

• connects arteries to veins
• aid in exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and cells

Question 17

How does the heart’s electrical system control the timing of heartbeat?

Answer 17

by regulating heart rate and heart rhythm

Question 18

What is heart rate?

Answer 18

number of times your heart beats per minute

Question 19

What is heart rhythm?

Answer 19

synchronized pumping action of the four heart chambers

Question 20

What should a steady heart rate be at rest?

Answer 20

60-100 beats per minute

Question 21

What is the SA node? What is the function?

Answer 21

Sinoatrial node: natural pacemaker of the heart
- right atrium
- sends out electrical pulse to AV node

Question 22

How does a heartbeat happen?

Answer 22

1) SA node sends electrical impulse
2) atria contract
3) AV node sends impulse to ventricles through the Bundle of His to the bundle branches through the Purkinje fibers
4) ventricles contract
5) repeats

Question 23

What is the AV node? What is its function?

Answer 23

atrioventricular node: between atria and above ventricles
- sends impulse to the bundle of His

Question 24

What is the bundle of His? What is its function?

Answer 24

• between ventricles
• right and left bundle branches
• sends impulse to Purkinje fibers

Question 25

What are Purkinje fibers? What is the function?

Answer 25

lateral walls of ventricles - ventricles contract

Question 26

What is systole?

Answer 26

period where chamber is contracting and blood is being ejected

Question 27

What is diastole?

Answer 27

period of relaxation during which the chamber is filling

Question 28

What is blood pressure?

Answer 28

force blood exerts on the inner walls of blood vessels

Question 29

Where is blood pressure high? Low?

Answer 29

highest in arteries lowest in veins - rises and falls as ventricles contract and relax

Question 30

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 30

- systole - ventricles contract - blood pressure in arteries is greatest

Question 31

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 31

- diastole - ventricles relax - blood pressure in arteries is lowest

Question 32

What factors affect blood pressure?

Answer 32

- cardiac output - blood volume - vasoconstriction/vasodilation - blood viscosity

Question 33

What is angina?

Answer 33

chest pain

Question 34

What are the cardiac causes of angina?

Answer 34

- myocardial infarction (heart attack) - narrowing of coronary arteries - atherosclerosis: deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

Question 35

What are cardiac causes of a heart attack?

Answer 35

- coronary artery blockage - atherosclerosis - blood clot - ischemia: restriction of flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart

Question 36

What are symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 36

- squeezing chest pain, radiates to shoulder, arm, neck, jaw - shortness of breath - nausea - sweating - dizziness

Question 37

What is hypertension? What are the cardiac causes?

Answer 37

high blood pressure - narrowing of the arteries

Question 38

What are the cardiac causes of coronary artery disease?

Answer 38

- buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries - ischemia: restriction of the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart

Question 39

What are the risk factors of hypertension?

Answer 39

- obesity - smoking - kidney disease - excessive alcohol intake

Question 40

What are the risk factors of coronary artery disease?

Answer 40

- high fat diet - smoking - obesity - sedentary lifestyle

Question 41

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 41

bulge/ballooning in the wall of an artery

Question 42

What are cardiac causes of an aneurysm?

Answer 42

atherosclerosis

Question 43

What are risk factors of an aneurysm?

Answer 43

- obesity - smoking - high cholesterol diet

Question 44

What is congestive heart failure?

Answer 44

heart doesn't pump blood as efficiently as it should

Question 45

What are cardiac causes of congestive heart failure?

Answer 45

- hypertension - previous heart attack

Question 46

What are risk factors of congestive heart failure?

Answer 46

- high fat diet - smoking - obesity - sedentary lifestyle

Question 47

What is thrombophlebitis?

Answer 47

blood clot forms blocking veins in usually the legs

Question 48

What are risk factors of thrombophlebitis?

Answer 48

- prolonged periods of inactivity - hormone replacement therapy - cancer - paralysis

Question 49

What is mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 49

mitral valve doesn't close smoothly or evenly - causes backflow of blood

Question 50

What are cardiac causes of mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 50

- unknown - hereditary

Question 51

What are symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 51

- none - shortness of breath - palpitations