Purulent pericarditis pathogenesis
- Hematologix spread from a distant source
- Direct extension from a heart or lung infecction
- Complication of penetrating injury or chest wall trauma
Most common pathogens in purulent pericarditis
- Staphylococcus aureus (portal from skin)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (adjacent pneumonia)
- Candida Albicans (TPN, severe immunosuppression)
How does fetal circulation occur?
Oxygenated blood flows from the placenta through the umbilical vein.
Part of the oxygenated blood goes to the portal vein to supply the liver, while another part bypasses the liver and flows directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC) through the ductus venosus, mixing with deoxygenated blood from the lower body.
The oxygenated blood enters the right atrium and is preferentially shunted into the left atrium through the foramen ovale. It then flows into the left ventricle and is pumped to the brain, heart, and upper extremities.
Deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava (SVC) and IVC enters the right atrium and flows into the right ventricle. From there, it is shunted from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus. This mixed blood is preferentially directed to the lower body, intestines, and kidneys
Parvus-et-tardus pulse associated diseases:
Aortic stenosis
Bisferiens pulse (2 sistolic picks) associated diseases:
- Aortic insufficiency
- Obstructive hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Paradoxal pulse associated diseases:
- Cardiac tamponade
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Severe asthma and COPD
Alternans pulse associated diseases:
Severe cardiac insufficiency
