Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

The purpose of the cardiovascular system… (4)

A
  1. Vital for survival
  2. Carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  3. Carries wastes away from tissues
  4. Closed system
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2
Q

What are the 2 circuits of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. Pulmonary

2. Systemic

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3
Q

Flow of the pulmonary system

A
  • Heart to lungs and back

- Oxygenates blood

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4
Q

Flow of the systemic system

A
  • Heart to body and back

- Delivers oxygen to tissues

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5
Q

Structure of the heart (5)

A
  1. Cone shaped
  2. Inside pericardial cavity
  3. Inside mediastinum
  4. Apex tipped toward the inferior and the left
  5. Base superior
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6
Q

Double serious membrane with fibrous coat

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

What are the layers that make up the pericardium (2)

A
  1. Parietal pericardium

2. Epicardium

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8
Q
  • Outer layer of the sac

- Fibrous and areolar layer

A

Parietal Pericardium

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9
Q
  • Also known as the visceral pericardium
  • Inner layer of sac
  • Adheres to the heart wall
A

Epicardium

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10
Q

Cavity that it is between layers and contains serous fluids

A

Pericardial Cavity

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11
Q

Layers of the wall of the heart

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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12
Q

Layer that is composed of visceral pericardium

-Functions as the protective outer layer

A

Epicardium

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13
Q
  • Middle layer
  • Responsible for contractions
  • Made of cardiac muscle
A

Myocardium

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14
Q
  • Inner layer
  • Lines and protects chambers and valves
  • Continuous with endothelium of heart blood vessels
A

Endocardium

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15
Q

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics (5)

A
  1. Striated
  2. Aerobic Respiration
  3. Short T-tubules
  4. Autorhythmic
  5. Connected mechanically and chemically
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16
Q

How is cardiac muscle connected mechanically and chemically? (2)

A
  1. Intercalated discs

2. Gap junctions

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17
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A
  • 2 atria

- 2 ventricles

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18
Q

General characteristics of the 2 atria? (3)

A
  1. Superior chambers
  2. Receive blood from veins
  3. Have auricles
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19
Q

What are auricles?

A

Flaps where blood pools

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20
Q

General characteristics of the ventricles (2)

A
  1. Inferior chambers

2. Force blood out too arteries

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21
Q

Structural differences between the ventricles (4)

A
  1. Left is thicker and stronger
  2. Right goes only to the lungs
  3. Left is round
  4. Right is pouch shaped
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22
Q

Characteristics about the Tricuspid Valve (4)

A
  1. AKA Right Atrioventricular Valve
  2. At right atrioventricular orifice
  3. Open when atrial force is greater and close when ventricle force is greater
  4. 3 cusps
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23
Q

Characteristics of the Bicuspid Valve (3)

A
  1. AKA Left Atrioventricular valve
  2. At left artioventricular orifice
  3. 2 cusps
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24
Q

Known as “heart strings”

A

Chordae Tendonae

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25
Characteristics of Chorae Tendonae (3)
1. Hold valves in place 2. Attached to cusps on ventricles side 3. Prevents cusps from collapsing into atria when valve is closed and backflow of blood
26
Characteristics of Papillary Muscles (3)
1. Small bundles of muscles 2. Attach to the chordae tendonae 3. When valves close, these muscles contract and tighten cords
27
Name of the scaffolding on interior walls
Trabeculae Carneae
28
Name of valve between ventricle and artery
Semilunar Valves
29
- Right semilunar valve - At entrance of the pulmonary trunk - Opens when the right ventricle contracts
Pulmonary Valve
30
- Left semilunar valve - At entrance to aorta - Opens when left ventricle contracts
Aortic Valve
31
Path of Blood (
1. Right Atrium 2. Right AV valve 3. Right Ventricle 4. Pulmonary Valve 5. Pulmonary Trunk 6. Lungs 7. Left Atrium 8. Left AV valve 9. Left Ventricle 10. Aortic Valve 11. Aorta- to tissues
32
Type of circulation that supplies the heart tissues with blood -blockage can result in a heart tissue dying
Coronary Circulation
33
Arteries that branch directly off the aorta as is emerges
Coronary Arteries
34
2 Components of the Left Coronary Artery
1. Circumflex Artery | 2. Anterior Interventricular Artery
35
2 Components of the Right Coronary Artery
1. Posterior Interventricular Artery | 2. Marginal Artery
36
- Drain myocardium | - Travel with arteries
Cardiac Veins
37
What are the 3 cardiac veins and what do these all drain into?
1. Great 2. Middle 3. Small - All drain into the coronary sinus
38
Where does the coronary sinus empty into?
The right atrium
39
Contractile phase, chamber empties
Systole
40
Relaxation phase, chamber fills
Diastole
41
Lub =
AV valves close
42
Dub=
Semi lunar valves close
43
Heat beat is enabled by... (2)
1. Nodal Cells | 2. Conducting Fibers
44
Specialized muscle cells that conduct action potentials
Nodal Cells
45
Distributes stimulus to myocardium
Conducting Fibers
46
- Pacemaker - Spontaneously depolarizes - At the back wall of the right atrium
SA (sinoatrial) node
47
-Where the 4 chambers meet
AV (atrioventricular) node
48
Signal transmitted to AV node through...
Internodal Pathways
49
Transmits signal down the Interventricular septum
AV bundle
50
- Branch off the AV bundle - Moves further down the septum - One supplies the ventricle
Bundle Branches
51
- Reflect up external wall of ventricle | - Extend to papillary muscles
Purkinje Fibers
52
The different waves in a electrocardiogram...
1. P wave 2. QRS wave 3. T wave
53
Wave that depicts the depolarization of atria
P wave
54
Depolarization of ventricle
QRS wave
55
Repolarization of ventricle
T wave
56
Cardiac output =
5 L/min
57
Spontaneous contractions
Autorhythmicity
58
Autonomic chemical control is controlled by...
NE and E: they increase the rate and force
59
2 centers of Neural control in the medulla
1. Cardioacceleratory | 2. Cardioinhibitory
60
Release NE/ increase HR
Cardioacceleratory Centers
61
Release Ach/ decrease HR
Cardioinhibitory Centers
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