DEFINE:
Bale capacity
The cubic cargo space when the breadth is measured from the inside of the cargo battens (spar ceiling) and the measured depth is from the wood tank top ceiling to the underside of the deck beams.
The length is measured from the inside of
the fore and aft bulkhead stiffeners.
Grain capacity
The cubic capacity of a cargo space
when the length, breadth and depth are measured from the inside of the ship’s shell plating, all allowance being made for the volume occupied by frames and beams.
Ballast water
Water (with its suspended matter) taken on board a ship to control trim, list, draught, stability or stresses of the ship.
Bilge well:
- Either of the rounded areas that form the transition between the bottom and the sides on
the exterior of a hull. (round of the bilge) - Also, bilges. (in a hull with a double bottom) an enclosed area between frames at each
side of the floors, where seepage collects. - Also called bilge well. a well into which seepage drains to be pumped away (bottom of a bilge)
Bulkheads:
A steel wall, usually watertight, which divides the inside of a ship into separate sections at the ends of each holds.
Broken stowage:
space between packages which remains unfilled.
The percentage that has to be allowed varies with the type of cargo and with the shape
of the ship’s hold. It is greatest when large cases are stowed in an end hold or at the
turn of a bilge.
Cargo information:
Information relevant to the cargo and its
stowage and securing which should specify, in particular, the precautions necessary for
the safe carriage of that cargo at sea.
Stowage factor:
The volume occupied by unit weight of cargo.
Usually expressed as cubic meter per tonne (m³/tonnes) or cubic feet per tonne
(ft³/tonne). It does not take account of any space which may be lost due to broken
stowage.
Compare: iron ore and coconuts which has the higher stowage factor?
Iron ore mesures 0,74 Meters cubed per metric tonne
Coconuts fill 3,96 meters cubed per metric tonne
Coconuts have a higher stowage factor because they are lighter than iron ore.
Cargo Securing Manual:
- Lashing points in details of the securing of relevant cargoes carried by the vessel.
- It is a ship’s reference which specifies the onboard securing arrangements for cargo units, including vehicles, containers and other entities.
- Based on the transverse, longitudinal and vertical forces which may arise during adverse weather conditions at sea.
- Compulsory
on all dry cargo ships as per SOLAS
Cargo plan:
a ship’s plan which shows the distribution of all cargo stowed onboard the
vessel for the voyage. Each entry onto the plan would detail the quantity, the weight and
the port of discharge. The plan is constructed by the ship’s cargo officer and would
effectively show special loads such as heavy lifts, hazardous cargoes, and valuable
cargo, in addition to all commodities being shipped
Dangerous goods:
means a product, substance or organism included by its nature or
by the regulations in any of the classes listed in the schedule to the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods Act, 1992.
Deadweight:
The difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship at the summer load waterline in water of specific gravity of 1025, and the lightweight of a ship.
Abreviated as DWT but is sometimes seen as DWAT (deadweight all told)
Does deadweight include cargo, fuel oil, Ballast water, or fresh water?
Yes
What is DWCC?
Sometimes deadweight is used to express the cargo carrying capacity of a ship. At that time,
it is abbreviated as DWCC (deadweight cargo capacity or deadweight carrying capacity).
Dunnage:
- Rough timber of varying lengths which usually takes the form of short planks or boards. It is used in the stowage of cargo for protecting packages from damage.
- Also used for protecting the
cargo from being damaged by the steel construction of the holds - to make a small space for free flow of air, to prevent damage from condensation.
Why does dunnage have to be dry and clean?
It has to be dry so that it doesn’t create mold in the hold or seep water into the cargo. Clean so that insects do not infest cargo.
Freight:
- money paid for the safe carriage of cargo
or - safe carriage of cargo
Gross tonnage:
The measurement of the total internal capacity of the ship.
What are the purpose of load lines?
Load lines are special markings positioned amidships which depicts the draft of the vessel and the
maximum permitted limit in distinct types of waters to which the ship can be loaded.
Name all the lines and their thickness.
- S – Summer :- It is the basic freeboard line at the same level as the Plimsol Line. Other load lines
are marked based on this Summer freeboard line. - T – Tropical :- It is 1/48th of summer draft marked above the Summer load line.
- W – Winter :- It is 1/48th of summer draft marked below the Summer load line.
- WNA – Winter North Atlantic :- It is marked 50mm below the Winter load line. It applies to
voyages in North Atlantic ( above 36 degrees of latitude) during winter months. - F – Fresh Water :- It is the summer fresh water load line. The distance between S and F is the
Fresh Water Allowance (FWA). - TF – Tropical Fresh Water :- It is the fresh water load line in Tropical. It is marked above the T at
an amount equal to FWA.
- Name 5 responsibilities of a junior watchkeeper on a ship with cargo operations.
- Conduct a safe and efficient deck watch in port
- Prevent damage, reduce loss and minimise expenses
- Support the Master and Chief Officer
- Work as a member of the deck team
- Appreciate the commercial implications of carrying cargo
Who does the cargo officer report to?
(or watchkeeping mate)
They report to the Master and Chief Officer during cargo operations.
Who is responsible for the safe and efficient handling and stowage of cargo?
Cargo Officer
