case studies

Question 1

management if squatter settlement in Sao Paulo

Answer 1

• Sao Paulo has the largest slum population in South America
• favelas: squatter settlements/shanty towns , corticos: decaying formal housing, mainly in the inner city
  
  • metropolitan area population: 20 M
  • compact urban area
  • approx. density 8110/km2 (twice of paris, three times LA)
• income inequality, lack of economic growth, immigration,poverty,lack of affordable housing leads to slum formation
• substandard housing occipies 70% of Sao Paulo’s area (kb 1500 km2)
• 20% of pop (2 M ppl) live in favelas, over 500000 in corticos
• often single rooms, lack electricity and plumbing, rat and cockroach infestations
• more than 60% of pop growth in 1980s absorbed by favelas
• social devision of affluent who live in higher central districts and poor concentrated on floodplains along railways

Question 2

favelas

Answer 2

• large number are found in municipal and privately-owned areas:
  ○ near gullies
  ○ on floodplains
  ○ on river banks
  ○ along railways
  ○ beside main roads
  ○ adjacent to industrial areas
• changes in public policy in the last 30 years from one of slum removal to one of slum upgrading
• • rapid spread of favelas mixed up the pattern of centre/periphery segregation, however public authority constantly removed favelas in areas valued by public property market
  • private property owners regaining possession of their land has pushed favelas to the poorest most hazardous areas

Question 3

Heliópolis - the development and improvement of a favela

Answer 3

• one of largest areas of slum housing in Latin America
  
  • established from late 1960s
  • over 100 000 people live here
  • very limited access to facilities
  • one library with 300 books for the whole community to the SE of city centre

Question 4

provision of city infrastructure in Manchester, UK

Answer 4

• Attempts to solve transport issues by looking at hard and soft engineering methods to solve speed, flow, safety, congestion and pollution
• 120 school buses and 200km of cycle routes would be added to the city
• Metrolink: first city centre light rail in UK, modernised public transport:Opened 1992: Government couldn’t afford, but with huge support, a campaign secured funding
• bus problems: 18 competing companies, only 15% of profits back to local economy, high fares and no uniform payment system (like Oyster cards), poorest areas left unconnected, health crisis from old polluting diesel buses:
• 2017 Bus Regulation Act: gives power to local mayor to bring bus services back into public ownership. Low emission buses could be bought.
• previous attempts in other UK locations led to bus companies suing local authorities.