Describe the pathophysiology and manifestation of asthma
- response to antigen or allergen
- resulting in mucous production, brochospasm resulting in narrowing of the airways and the surrounding smooth muscles
- Late phase is 408 hours with inflammation and increased airway responsiveness in which prolongs attach
Manifestation
- chest tightness
- tachypnea
- sob
- wheezing on expiration
- use of accessory muscles
- cough
- shallow breathing
- anxiety
identify the common triggers of asthma attacks and describe how these can be avoided
- respiratory infection
- exercise
- irritants
- emotions
- hormones
- GI reflux
- aspirin/nsaids
identify medications commonly used in the treatment of asthma and state the classification and mechanism of action of each
Salbutamol - shortacting brochodilator (Beta2-adrenergic agonist)
MOA - Relaxation of airway smooth muscle with subsequent bronchodilation.
Pulmicort - glucocorticoid steroid (antiinflammatory)
MOA - reduces inflammation and hyperactivity of the airway
Prednisone - (antiinflammatory, intermediate action)
MOA - suppresses inflammation and the normal immune response.
Describe the nursing management of an individual with asthma
- Assess and support the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation and monitor his clinical status and vital signs.
- comfortable position (high Fowler’s or sitting, unless contraindicated by his hemodynamic status) and encourage him to relax.
- Maintain a calm environment and reassure the patient that you’re there to ensure his safety.
- Explain to him that agitation will worsen his breathlessness, and that relaxing will help reduce oxygen consumption and improve his condition.
Monitor your patient’s fluid balance.
-administer medications as needed
