Castration

Question 1

Obj: Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of castrating a client owned dog or cat

Question 2

Obj: select method of castration given a specific patient

Question 3

Obj: Given a castration method, list and perform each step including selecting appropriate suture type and size

Question 4

Obj: List potential complications of orchiectomy and discuss how to address each one

Question 5

At what are are cats/dogs neuterd?

Answer 5

• Traditionally:
  
  • 6-9 months dogs
  • 4-6 months cats
• Shelter setting:
  
  • 8-16 weeks for population control

Question 6

What are the different ways to drape for a dog neuter?

Answer 6

• Pre-scrotal castration :
  
  • Scrotum should be just caudal to the draped area
• Scrotal castration:
  
  • include entire scotum

Question 7

How are dogs clipped for neuter?

Answer 7

• Pre-scrotal (Picture)
  
  • cranially to the tip of the prepuce
  • 3cm lateral to midline
  • at least the front ⅔ of the scrotum
• Scrotal:
  
  • same but clip entire scrotum

Question 8

Where is the surgeon positioned during a neuter?

Answer 8

on the OPPOSITE side of their handedness

(i.e. right handed surgeon stands on patients left)

Question 9

What should be done in the event of an unintentional open castration?

Answer 9

• Accidentally cut parietal vaginal tunic during initial incision

1. Try to salvage first
2. If Not possible:
   
   1. Ligament of the tail of the epididymis is broken down
   2. Ductus deferens and pampiniform plexus/testicular artery are identified
      
      1. Double-ligate together, as for open castration OR
      2. Double-ligated individually

• Tunics are left in place - NOT ideal

Question 10

What animals should receive a scrotal castration?

Answer 10

• Standard for feline castration
• Ideal for pre-pubertal dogs
  
  • testicle advancement can be harder to achieve
  • But may cause more irritation / complications for older dogs

Question 11

What are the benefits for castration?

Answer 11

• Decrease the risk/rate of overpopulation
• Decrease sexually dimorphic behaviors
• Reduces the risk of androgen-related diseases
  
  • benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, prostatic cysts/abscesses, perineal hernias, perineal adenomas
• Eliminates risk of testicular neoplasia
  
  • cryptorchidism are 8-16x more likely to undergo neoplastic transformation

Question 12

What are the drawbacks of castration?

Answer 12

• Increased risk of prostatic carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, lymphoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma
  
  • Especially if castrated prior to 1 year of age
  • Risk is typically 2-5x that of an intact dog
  • results are disputed or these studies are breed specific
• Potential increased risk of certain orthopedic diseases
  
  • cranial cruciate ligament rupture, hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia
• Potential development of undesirable behaviors
  
  • tenuous claim
• Decreased activity level and subsequent obesity
  
  • easily preventable

Question 13

describe the anatomy of the scrotal skin

Answer 13

• Divided into 2 cavities