Category 2 - Programming & Design Flashcards

Question

What should the budget for the project as well as the cost estimate be prepared during programming?

Answer 1

The budget should be supplied by the Owner at the beginning of the programming phase.

Answer 2

Though both parties are hired by the Owner, generally one person has been designated as the authorized representative on the Owner's behalf and so should be the lead contact for information by the Architect. If, however, a dispute arises the Owner should be contacted for final direction.

Answer 3

1. Attend community meetings. 2. Hold private meetings with clients and end users. 3. Hold public meetings with stakeholders and clients. 4. Hold town hall type meetings for the community. 5. Hold a charette to encourage input on design.

Answer 4

1. Present plans, elevations, models and 3D sketches. 2. Show a Power Point presentation. 3. Conduct interviews with stakeholders and end users. 4. Distribute questionnaires to clients, end users, and stakeholders.

Answer 5

Impact and effect on: 1. Environment (increase in pollution, displacement of animals and plants on site, alteration of water movement on site). 2. Increases in traffic, noise, and density. 3. Inappropriate uses for the neighborhood.

Answer 6

Off-gassing of VOCs may come from glues and adhesives from carpet, millwork, and hardwood flooring as well as paint. To mitigate this hazard, the Architect should specify low/no VOC products as well as provide adequate passive and mechanical ventilation to continually bring fresh air into the building.

Answer 7

1. Install air filter equivalent to MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) 13 or better. 2. Regular maintenance of the building ventilation systems, such as cleaning filters, and replacing outdated equipment. 3. Incorporate dehumidification or humidification equipment.

Answer 8

Carbon monoxide is generated from fires or combustion equipment. Mitigation measures - vent combustion equipment directly to the outside, install detectors in sleeping rooms & hallways. Radon naturally occurs in the soil as uranium and thorium decay. Mitigation measures - conduct testing, increase under floor and basement ventilation, install a radon sump pump in basement.

Answer 9

Mold and mildew growth occurs most often in wet areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, laundry rooms, and shower rooms. In order to grow, mold requires an environment with excessive moisture, lack of ventilation, organic compounds to serve as a food source, and warm air temperature. Installing passive ventilation (operable windows) and mechanical ventilation (direct venting to exterior) can help avoid many mold issues.

Answer 10

As the Architect, it is important to receive input from end users during the design process. However, an Architect should not take direction from an end user but rather forward the request or concern on to the client for review and final direction.

Answer 11

Both user groups, the elderly and children, require more security, adult supervision, are sensitive to material finishes, and higher indoor air quality should become a priority. For the elderly, other concerns include less mobility and increased lighting levels. For children, other concerns include use of softer surfaces and accommodating higher levels of activity.

Answer 12

When designing for an individual homeowner, the Architect interacts directly with the Owner for all project decisions and direction. A business or corporation generally employs a board of directors, of whom an authorized representative will be designated to act on behalf of the board for all project related matters.

Answer 13

1. Hire a cultural consultant. 2. Conduct studies of the culture through research, travel or interviews. 3. Attend an assembly or gathering. 4. Hold design review meetings. 5. Conduct interviews and distribute questionnaires with members of the cultural community.

Answer 14

In order to fully understand any assumptions an to verify analysis data, such as space planning, adjacencies and function, it is important that the Architect collect information from end users to make sure the building will function adequately once completed.

Answer 15

Citizen's Advisory Committee is a group of community members appointed by local board or agency to provide input and feedback on project proposals.

Answer 16

To determine expectations, an Architect should conduct interviews, focus groups, workshops, surveys and observation. To influence stakeholders, an Architect should create partnerships, keep all parties involved and informed, and have regular milestone meetings.

Answer 17

1, Daylight sensors - artificial lighting is increased or decreased depending on the amount of natural light entering the space. 2. Occupancy sensors - lights turn off when space is not in use. 3. Dimmable controls - occupants have control to increase or decrease lighting levels in individual spaces.

Answer 18

1. Site Safety - Building lighting at exterior, including entryways and exit doors; site lighting in parking lot; access control (keys, cards, etc.); security cameras. 2. Building Safety - Controlled check in area; alarms (fire, smoke, elevator, security); egress (paths clearly marked, emergency evacuation plan); glazing (tempered in stairways, doors).

Answer 19

1. Occupancy sensors - HVAC equipment set to properly cool or heat a space based on number of occupants. 2. Zoning - "hot areas" receive more cooling while warm areas receive less heat. 3. Thermostatic controls - occupants have control over individual spaces.

Answer 20

An office building will likely require control of noise between loud and quiet spaces (conference rooms vs. private offices) though the use of separation/isolation, metal furring strips, acoustical tiles and insulation. An auditorium will focus more on directing and reflecting sound as well as absorbing it in necessary spaces, such as backstage areas.

Answer 21

1. Heating & Air Conditioning - properly seal ducts, install multiple zones and programmable thermostats, use high efficiency furnace. 2. Water Heating - insulate hot water tanks & pipes, use solar hot water system. 3. Lighting - use daylighting, fluorescent or LEDs, install dimmer controls and occupancy sensors. 4. Appliances - select Energy Star appliances.

Answer 22

1. Install a graywater system to reuse irrigation water. 2. Install a rainwater harvesting system to reuse rainfall. 3. Install drought tolerant landscaping to reduce amount of site water used. 4. Drip irrigation or sprinklers on timers and rain sensors to reduce site water used.

Answer 23

1. Re-use existing materials on site. 2. Re-use recyclable materials. 3. Select locally manufactured materials. 4. Use rapidly renewable materials. 5. Use wood products that have been sustainably harvested.

Answer 24

D. This flow of adjacencies is the most appropriate for this building function as it moves from more public spaces to more private spaces.

Answer 25

1. Assign priority to spaces to determine most important adjacencies. 2. Consider furniture and special equipment placement. 3. Analyze flow patterns of occupants, vehicular traffic patterns, future needs of building, open space requirements.

Answer 26

1. Needs of the firefighters and staff 2. Adequate spaces for necessary equipment 3. Administrative and sleeping facilities 4. Size and requirements for fire truck bays

Answer 27

Space sizes could be affected if large rooms are required. Building orientation will be important in order to maximize site efficiency while still taking advantage of views, sunlight, ventilation, etc. Parking and other site requirements may be affected if there is not enough land remaining outside of the building footprint.

Answer 28

1. Grading - is the site flat, hilly, or sloped? 2. Vehicular Access - during & after construction. 3. Utilities Access - existing on site or must be extended. 4. Site Features - rock outcroppings, cliffs, forests, etc. 5. Bodies of water - wetlands, lakes, streams, ocean, etc. 6. Views - preserve significant existing views.

Answer 29

1. Grading and Foundation type - steep slope will require either extensive grading or a pile foundation system, or both. 2. Utilities Access - an undeveloped piece of land will need to connect to existing utilities. 3. Views - preservation of southern view may be desired.

Answer 30

1. Reduce the amount of paving on site or use pervious paving materials. 2. Include proper grading and swales to direct water away from the building and to the storm drain system.

Answer 31

Topographical conditions occur on the surface of a site. | Geological conditions occur under the surface of a site.

Answer 32

1. Site Drainage - dewatering may be necessary as well as storm water runoff management. 2. Foundation Type - mat slab floating on upper soil layers or piles extending to bear on stable soil. 3. Waterproofing - foundation and basement walls require proper protection from water damage.

Answer 33

Similarities: Both foundation types can be used on expansive soils or a site with a high water table. Differences: Mat foundation essentially floats a building on the upper soil layers of the site. Pile foundation is penetrated deep into the site to reach stable soil.

Answer 34

Deserts are known for extreme temperature ranges, both very hot and very cold. 1. Properly insulating the walls and ceilings to help maintain the indoor temperature. 2. Using large overhangs on the southern exposure to allow for ample sunlight in winter and shading in summer. 3. Use of operable windows to allow for natural ventilation and air exchange.

Answer 35

1. Proper slope and drainage of roof reduces risk of ponding and leakage. 2. Overhangs above doors and windows protects the openings from water infiltration. 3. A properly designed rain screen envelope minimizes moisture buildup in the exterior skin.

Answer 36

Snow drift occurs when two adjacent roofs are at different heights and the snow can stack on the lower roof, creating larger loads in that area. This additional weight creates a greater stress on the building structure so a building located in this climate must be designed to accommodate the additional loads.

Answer 37

1. Maximize use of indirect lighting for the spaces containing artifacts, such as clerestory windows. 2. Use of effective moisture control such as exhaust fans in toilet rooms to minimize indoor humidity, and utilize exterior details that allow materials to breathe. 3. Install special humidification or dehumidification equipment to maintain proper humidity in the gallery spaces.

Answer 38

Strong winds can damage buildings by introducing lateral forces, particularly on projections such as parapets and overhangs. These elements must be designed to resist uplift and overturning forces. Wind can also propel objects at buildings during hurricanes and tornadoes so a building should be designed to withstand impact forces.

Answer 39

Non-native plant species can have a negative impact on a wetland by displacing or destroying native species, altering the wetland function or service as well as disrupting the ecosystem. An Architect should take great care to minimize or eliminate construction and disturbance in wetland areas as well as maintain the proper permits for this type of site.

Answer 40

USACE, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Resources Conservation Service

Answer 41

1. USACE 404 Permit 2. RWQCB 401 Cert. 3. CDFG Streambed Alteration Agreement 4. CEQA Compliance

Answer 42

Flora is plant life. Fauna is animal life. Site design may be affected by needing to designate no disturbance zones, re-planting disturbed areas, minimizing effect on food and water supply, and minimizing night site lighting and wildlife use corridors.

Answer 43

California Coastal Commission, CalEPA, California Dept of Fish and Game, State Water Resources Control Board

Answer 44

The California Coastal Zone generally extends 1,000 yards inland from the mean high tide line. In significant coastal estuarine habitats and recreational areas it extend inland to the first major ridgeline or five miles from the mean high tide line, whichever is less. In developed urban areas, the boundary is generally less than 1,000 yards.

Answer 45

State Agencies: 1. Department of Fish and Game 2. CalEPA Federal Agencies: 1. US Fish and Wildlife Service 2. US Environmental Protection Agency

Answer 46

Soil surveys are performed by a Geotechnical Engineer and are useful to help determine what types of soils exist on the site, and typically recommends the foundation type or types to be used. If soils are stable, spread footings may be used. If soils are not stable or if a high water table exists, a mat or pile foundation may need to be used.

Answer 47

Seismic Zone 4. Zone 4 is located nearest to active earthquake faults and poses a greater hazard than Zone 3. Four seismic zones in the US, higher the number, higher the danger. All of California lies within 3 and 4.

Answer 48

A fault is a fracture in the crust of the earth along which rocks on one side have moved relative to those on the other side. An active fault is one that has ruptured in the last 11,000 years. Earthquake Fault Zones are plotted on topographic maps at a scale of 1 inch equals 2,000 feet and typically average about one-quarter mile wide.

Answer 49

The three fire zones in California are based on increasing fire hazard: medium, high, and very high. Zones are based on factors such as fuel (material that can burn), slope and fire weather. Fire burns faster uphill and weather conditions such as high temperatures, winds or low humidity can cause a fire to grow rapidly.

Answer 50

1. Ground shaking - causes over 90% of all damage. 2. Landslide - shaking causes soil and rock to slide off a slope. 3. Fault Rupture - crack forms as ground is offset along the two sides of a fault. 4. Lateral Spreading - shaking causes soil to break into blocks and separate. 5. Liquefaction - loose, wet sandy soil causes the foundation to sink.

Answer 51

Before a project can be permitted, cities and counties require a geologic investigation to show the building will not be constructed across active faults. If an active fault is found, a structure for human occupancy must be set back from the fault, generally 50 feet. The Alquist-Priolo Act (1972) is intended to prevent construction of buildings used for human occupancy on the surface of active faults.

Answer 52

1. Probability of burning 2. Probability fire behavior CAL FIRE has developed a model that serves as the basis of zone assignments that is based on factors such as fire history, existing and potential fuel, flame length, blowing embers, terrain, weather and likelihood of buildings igniting.

Answer 53

1. Defensible space - reduce flammable material around homes to keep direct flames and heat away (law requires 100 feet around buildings). 2. Exterior wildlife exposure protection - construct buildings of fire resistant materials. 3. Green Zone - clearing an area of 30 feet immediately surrounding homes, keep roof clear of flammable material, trim tree branches and keep a spark arrester on the chimney.

Answer 54

FEMA has nationwide responsibility for reducing damage from hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, fires, hazardous spills, acts of nature or terrorism. FEMA also creates and maintains Floor Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) which delineate both the special hazard areas and the risk premium zones applicable to the community.

Answer 55

1. Locate building pads above 100 year floodplain. 2. Avoid large areas of concrete/hard surface. 3. Use of swales to direct water runoff.

Answer 56

1. Exposure B - urban & suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with closely spaced obstructions. 2. Exposure C - open terrain with scattered obstructions with heights less than 30 feet. 3. Exposure D - flat, unobstructed areas & water surfaces not in hurricane prone regions. Wind Exposure Categories are determined by "ground surface roughness" that arises from natural and constructed site features.

Answer 57

1. Avoid building in a flood prone area unless the structure is elevated and reinforced. 2. Elevate the furnace, water heater & electrical panels if susceptible to flooding. 3. Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing up into drains. 4. Seal walls of basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.

Answer 58

1. Removing hazardous material from the site and properly disposing per federal, state and local guidelines. 2. Encapsulating and permanently sealing the material on the site per federal, state and local guidelines.

Answer 59

1. Toxic Substances Control Act (Federal) 2. Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, Superfund (Federal) 3. Federal EPA Brownfields Program 4. California EPA Brownfields Program 5. Federal EPA Clean Air Act 6. Federal EPA Clean Water Act

Answer 60

1. Submit DD drawings with enough info to show size and scope of project to the local Planning Dept. Drawings will be reviewed for compliance with CEQA, Zoning, Codes, local ordinances, LCP if in coastal zone, and Specific Plan. 2. Attend any Design Review Board meetings. 3. Submit drawings to state, regional, and local agencies as required.

Answer 61

After approval from Planning Dept and other regulatory agencies, the Architect would produce a set of contract documents including architectural and consultant for submission to the local agencies (Planning, Building & Safety, Transportation, Department of Public Works, Fire, Police)

Answer 62

All agencies must sign off on the project before a building permit is issued. - Owner can obtain the Building Permit. - GC can obtain the Building Permit and will have to show license and proof of workers comp insurance. - Architect does not obtain the permit

Answer 63

Design Review Boards typically consist of design professionals appointed by the City Council to provide advice on new development projects and exterior changes to buildings. The function to make recommendations (advisory in nature) to the Planning Commission, Zoning Administrator, Planning Staff or City Council.

Answer 64

Typically, no. Design Review Boards are advisory in nature and make recommendations. Final permit decisions are usually made by the Planning Commission, Zoning Administrator, Planning Staff, or City Council.

Answer 65

1. Appropriate use consistent with the neighborhood. 2. Massing of building, exterior colors & materials. 3. Relationship of proposed building to neighboring buildings. 4. Landscaping consistent with neighborhood. 5. Location of Mechanical Equipment. 6. Signage and site lighting. 7. Parking requirements.

Answer 66

In most cities, review and approval from a Design Review Board is required for new construction, additions or remodels of existing buildings, with exceptions on building type or zone depending on the local municipality. Final permit decisions are usually made by the Planning Commission, Zoning Administrator, Planning Staff, or City Council.

Answer 67

Air Quality Management Districts are regional agencies located throughout California to regulate and control emissions primarily from stationary sources. AQMD has developed extensive programs included planning, regulation, compliance assistance, enforcement, monitoring, technology advancement and public education.

Answer 68

California Environmental Quality Act. Mission: require state & local agencies to identify significant environmental impacts of their actions and avoid or mitigate those impacts, if feasible. Purpose: inform governmental decision makers & the public of any potential significant effects of proposed activities on the environment and to provide opportunities to review and comment on draft documents.

Answer 69

No, it is an Act. | No.

Answer 70

Lead Agency is typically local planning department, but could also be State agency depending on the project. The Lead Agency has primary responsibility to complete the environmental review process required by CEQA. They are responsible for coordinating with the project applicant, the public, and other agencies during the review process.

Answer 71

Responsible Agency is the public agency or agencies with discretionary approval authority over a portion of a CEQA project and interfaces directly with the Lead Agency (for example, the AQMD can be a Responsible Agency and consult with the Lead Agency).

Answer 72

Commenting Agency is a public agency with "jurisdiction by law" over a particular natural resource, but is neither a Lead Agency or a Responsible Agency.

Answer 73

A Trustee Agency is a state agency having jurisdiction by law over natural resources affected by a project which are held in trust for the people of the State of California.

Answer 74

Statutory Exemption - projects which the California Legislature has decided are not subject to CEQA procedures and policies. Categorical Exemption - projects which the Secretary of the Resources Agency has determined do not usually have a significant effect on the environment.

Answer 75

A Notice of Exemption may be filed by the State Agency, who files with the Office of Planning and Research, or the Local Agency, who files with the County Clerk of each county in which the project will be located.

Answer 76

The Lead Agency will perform an Initial Study: preliminary analysis to determine whether an EIR or a Negative Declaration must be prepared or to identify the significant environmental effects to be analyzed in an EIR.

Answer 77

A Negative Declaration means no significant impacts were found on the environment in respect to the project and, as a result, the project may proceed as designed. A Mitigated Negative Declaration means significant impacts were found, but the project can be revised/redesigned to avoid or mitigate those impacts and can move forward.

Answer 78

An Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is a detailed report prepared by the Lead Agency describing and analyzing the significant environmental effects of a proposed project, identifying alternatives and discussing ways to reduce or avoid possible environmental damage. The project may be slowed or halted until an EIR can be prepared, reviewed and approved.

Answer 79

The first step is to send a Notice of Preparation (NOP) to the responsible agencies, trustee agencies, and involved federal agencies to inform them of the planned EIR. The purpose is to solicit guidance from those agencies as to the scope and content to be included in the EIR.

Answer 80

A Notice of Completion (NOC) is a brief notice released by the Lead Agency as soon as it has completed a draft EIR for public review and comment. This begins the Public Review Period for the EIR.

Answer 81

30 days minimum and 60 days maximum. If the draft EIR is sent to the State Clearinghouse, the review period shall not be less than 45 days. This review priod occurs AFTER the draft EIR has been completed and submitted for public review.

Answer 82

The State Clearinghouse is a division of the Governor's Office of Planning and Research and they coordinate the state-level review of environmental documents that are prepared pursuant to CEQA.

Answer 83

A Notice of Determination (NOD) is a brief notice filed by the Lead Agency after it approves or determines to carry out a project subject to the requirements of CEQA. It is filed once a decision has been reached on the project, either approval or disapproval of the Negative Declaration or final EIR.

Answer 84

1. Storm water runoff 2. Parking implications 3. Pollution from equipment 4. Damage to wildlife and plants 5. Increase in traffic, noise 6. Soil erosion 7. Modification to wetlands

Answer 85

1. Lead Agency performs Initial Study 2. Decision by Lead Agency to prepare EIR or Negative Declaration For EIR: Notice of Preparation sent to Responsible Agency, draft EIR prepared by Lead Agency 3. Public Review Period: 20-30 days for Negative Declaration, 30-60 days for EIR 4. Decision on project. Lead Agency files Notice of Determination with County Clerk (local) or Office of Planning & Research (state)

Answer 86

The California Coastal Act establishes a far reaching coastal protection program and made permanent the California Coastal Commission. The Commission plans and regulates development and natural resource use along the coast in partnership with local governments and in keeping with the requirements of the Coastal Act.

Answer 87

1. Shoreline public access and recreation 2. Terrestrial and marine habitat protection 3. Landform alteration 4. Offshore oil and gas development 5. Transportation and development design 6. Water quality

Answer 88

The California Coast Commission and Bay Conservation and Development Commission are the two designated coastal management agencies to administer the federal Coastal Zone Management Act. The CZMA gives state coastal management agencies regulatory control over all federal coastal activities. This is important because it is often the only review authority over federal coastal activities given to any state agency.

Answer 89

The coastal zone established by the Coast Act does not include San Francisco Bay, where development is regulated by the Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC).

Answer 90

Development within the coastal zone may not commence until a Coastal Development Permit has been issued by either the Commission or a local government that has a Commission-certified local coastal program. The project must follow the guidelines laid out in the Local Coastal Program.

Answer 91

A Local Coastal Program (LCP) contains basic planning tools used by local governments to guide development in the coastal zone. LCPs contain ground rules for future development and protection of coastal resources, specify appropriate location, type and scale of new or changed uses of land and water, and include land use plans. They are prepared and developed by local governments.

Answer 92

Public Access - development not to interfere with right of access to sea, public access to be provided from nearest public roadway to shoreline, unless safety hazards exist. Recreation - areas suited for water activities shall be protected for such uses, encouragement of recreational boating use by developing dry storage areas and increasing public launching facilities.

Answer 93

1. Assure stability and structural integrity and neither create nor contribute significantly to erosion, geologic instability or destruction of area. 2. Maintain consistency with requirements imposed by an air pollution control district or State Board. 3. Protect special communities and neighborhoods that are popular visitor destination points for recreational use.

Answer 94

1. Placement of any solid material or structure. 2. Change in land use density or intensity. 3. Change in intensity of water use or access to water. 4. Removal of major vegetation. 5. Any development which constitutes a major public works project or a major energy facility.

Answer 95

1. Improvements to existing single-family dwellings. 2. Improvements to any structure provided there are no adverse affects on the environment, public access or that involve a change in use contrary to the California Coastal Act. 3. Maintenance dredging of existing navigation channels or moving dredged material from those channels to a disposal area.

Answer 96

The California Clean Air Act provides the basis for air quality planning and regulation independent of federal regulations. A major element of the Act is the requirement that local air districts in violation of the California Ambient Air Quality Standards must prepare attainment plans that identify air quality problems, causes, trends and actions to be taken to attain and maintain California's air quality standards.

Answer 97

The purpose of the Field Act is to protect children and staff from death and injury in public schools grades K-14 and protect the public's investment in school buildings during and after earthquakes. It applies to public schools K-12 and community colleges. The Field Act was enacted in 1933 after the Long Beach earthquake which destroyed 70 schools and damaged 120 others.

Answer 98

Division of the State Architect (DSA). Plans & Specs are reviewed and approved including structural, fire & life safety and accessibility. Architect is required to provide Construction Administration Services and any changes to the drawings or specs must be approved by DSA. A DSA certified inspector, hired by the Owner, must oversee construction and prepare verified reports that are sent to DSA after completion.

Answer 99

Prompted by the Northridge earthquake in 1994 which caused 23 hospitals to lose service. Seismic safety deadlines include: 2013 - at risk inpatient buildings must be rebuilt, retrofitted or closed. 2030 - all hospital buildings in state must be operational following a major earthquake.

Answer 100

The ESBSSA of 1986 determined that buildings providing essential services should be capable of providing those services after a disaster. Requirements include that such buildings shall be designed and constructed to minimize fire hazards and to resist the forces of earthquakes, gravity and winds. It is contained in the California Health and Safety Code, Section 16000-16022.

Answer 101

1. Communication Systems 2. Main Transformers 3. Switching Equipment 4. Emergency Backup Systems These nonstructural components shall be able to resist, insofar as practical, the forces generated by earthquakes, gravity, fire and winds.

Answer 102

1. Fire stations 2. Police stations 3. CHP stations 4. California Operations Center 5. Sheriff's Office 6. Emergency Communication Dispatch Center

Answer 103

1. Local Agency - County or local Building & Safety Department if the facility is not owned by the State of California. 2. Division of the State Architect - State owned facilities and facilities leased by the State. Drawings and specifications must be submitted for review and approval to the Enforcement Agency.

Answer 104

1. One story Type V construction less than 2000 SF | 2. Type II N construction less than 2000 SF

Answer 105

All drawings and specifications shall be prepared under the responsible charge of an architect, civil engineer or structural engineer who shall sign all drawings and specifications for approval of the enforcement agency. If the work does not involve architectural or structural conditions, drawings and specifications may be prepared by a registered professional engineer qualified in the type of engineering appropriate to the project.

Answer 106

To be qualified, inspector shall have an adequate level of expertise and experience in the subject matter for which they have responsibilities for inspection. Qualifications shall include current certification by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) or meet qualifications according to the International Building Code.

Answer 107

Periodic review of construction means the knowledge which is obtained from periodic site visits of reasonable frequency or the purposes of general observation of the work and also which is obtained from the reporting of others as to the progress of the work, testing of materials, and inspection and superintendence of what is performed between those periodic site visits.

Answer 108

1. Architect 2. General Contractor 3. Qualified Inspector hired by the Owner These three parties must prepare reports for submittal to the enforcement agency and also must review reports made by others. These reports show that to each of their own personal knowledge, the work has been performed and materials installed in accordance with drawings and specifications.

Answer 109

True. | Typically a basic service per the contract, but required for essential services buildings.

Answer 110

DSA is responsible for the following: 1. Observe the implementation & administration of the ESBSSA. 2. Provide advice and assistance to local jurisdictions regarding essential services buildings. 3. Hear appeals relative to administration of ESBSSA.

Answer 111

The California Code of Regulations contains all of the regulations adopted, amended or repealed by the state agencies pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act. It is divided into 28 Titles. The California Building Standards Code is Title 24 of the CCR.

Answer 112

The California Buildings Standards Code contains all of California's building codes (Parts 1-12). The California Building Standards Commission is responsible for adopting, approving, administering and implementing codes and standards. The California Building Code is Part 2 of the California Building Standards Code.

Answer 113

False. Title 24 refers to the entire California Building Standards Code. The Energy Code is Part 6 of Title 24.

Answer 114

There are 12 parts to the California Building Standards Code, with an addition of Parts 2.5 California Residential Building Code for 2010. Part 7 is no longer published.

Answer 115

1. Occupancy Type 2. Construction Type 3. Building or Floor Area 4. Building Height 5. Exits/Egress 6. Building Separation and Shafts 7. Fire Protection and extinguishing systems 8. Accessibility Requirements 9. Engineering Requirements

Answer 116

The main purpose of the California Building Code is to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the health, safety and general welfare of the public.

Answer 117

``` A - Assembly B - Business E - Educational F - Factory Industrial H - Hazardous I - Institutional M - Mercantile R - Residential S - Storage U - Utility & Misc. ```

Answer 118

A structural survey will evaluate any deterioration or signs of distress as well as determine the details of structural framing and the system for resistance of gravity and lateral loads. Results of the survey shall be utilized for evaluating the structural capacity and for designing modifications to the structural system to reach compliance with the CHBC.

Answer 119

Part 9 - California Fire Code of the CBSC establishes regulations regarding: 1. Hazard of fire & explosion from storage materials 2. Occupancy conditions hazardous to life or property 3. Repair or removal of fire alarm systems 4. Conditions affecting safety of emergency responders during emergency operations

Answer 120

Part 10 - California Existing Building Code is meant to promote public safety and welfare by reducing the risk of death or injury that may result from the effects of earthquakes on existing unreinforced masonry bearing walls. The scope of this part shall apply to all existing buildings having at least one unreinforced masonry bearing wall.

Answer 121

1. Planning and design 2. Energy efficiency 3. Water efficiency and conservation 4. Material conservation and resource efficiency 5. Environmental quality

Answer 122

The CALGreen code shall apply to the planning, design, operation, construction, use and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure, unless otherwise indicated in this code, throughout the State of California.

Answer 123

The CBSC (specifically the CBC) is distinct from model codes in the following ways: 1. More stringent seismic design requirements 2. More stringent structural tests and special inspections 3. Chapter 7A Wildfire Exposure 4. Chapter 11A & 11B - Accessibility requirements developed and maintained by DSA 5. CBSC includes California Energy Code (Part 6)

Answer 124

1. SFM - Office of State Fire Marshall 2. HCD - Department of Housing and Community Development 3. OSHPD - Office of Statewise Health Planning and Development 4. DSA-AC - Division of the State Architect - Access Compliance 5. CA - Department of Consumer Affairs

Answer 125

Even though programming is the initial stage of design, local building department concerns should be taken into account for the following: 1. Fire department access and egress 2. Life safety 3. Building type and occupancy separations 4. Accessibility for both the site and building

Answer 126

Type I - Steel, reinforced concrete, masonry construction, non-combustible structure required and fire-resistant Type II - Steel, reinforced concrete, masonry construction, non-combustible structure required and fire-resistant Type III - same as I and II but can include wood except in the structural frame. Type IV - Heavy Timber Type V - Steel, reinforced concrete, masonry or wood construction. Differences in Construction Type typically refer to fire ratings of components such as structural systems, exterior bearing walls, interior bearing walls, shafts, floors and floor/ceiling assemblies, and roof and roof/ceiling assemblies.

Answer 127

1. Occupancy Group 2. Construction Type 3. Location of building on the property 4. Allowable Floor Area 5. Height and number of stories

Answer 128

Chapter 7A of the CBC is included within Chapter 7 - Fire Resistance Rated Construction and refers to Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure. It applies to building materials, systems and/or assemblies used in exterior design of new buildings located within a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area. This chapter is unique to the CBC as it is not found in model codes.

Answer 129

Chapter 11 11A: Housing Accessibility - applicable to multi-family dwellings 11B: Accessibility to Public Buildings - Public accommodations, commercial buildings and publicly funded housing.

Answer 130

Part 2.5 - California Residential Building Code is based on the 2009 International Residential Building Code and applies to every detached one and two family dwelling, townhouses not more than three stories above grade plan in height with a separate means of egress, and accessory structures.

Answer 131

1. Preservation 2. Restoration 3. Rehabilitation 4. Relocation 5. Reconstruction The purpose of the CHBC is to provide regulations for buildings or properties designated as qualified historical buildings or properties.

Answer 132

The intent of the CHBC is to preserve the integrity of qualified historical buildings while providing access to and use by persons with disabilities. The regular code (CBC Chapter 11B) shall be applied to qualified historical buildings unless strict compliance will threaten or destroy the historical significance of the building. Most critical are life safety issues including building structure, building access and public restroom facilities.

Answer 133

Chapter 16 - General design criteria for structures Chapter 17 - Testing & Inspection of materials Chapter 18 - Soils, site, grading & foundations Chapter 19 - Concrete Chapter 20 - Aluminum Chapter 21 - Masonry Chapter 22 - Steel Chapter 23 - Wood

Answer 134

Dead Load - the weight of materials and construction incorporated into the building including walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in portions, finishes, cladding and equipment attached to the structure. Live Load - loads produced by use & occupancy of the building (furniture, people, etc.) not including wind, snow, rain, earthquake, flood or dead loads.

Answer 135

1. Shear Wall - reinforced concrete, reinforced masonry, steel, plywood over wood studs; resists lateral forces by developing shear in its own plane (parallel) and cantilevering from its base. 2. Moment Frame - steel or concrete; resists lateral forces by a bending action 3. Braced Frame - steel, reinforced concrete or timber; resists lateral forces by the cross bracing.

Answer 136

Category I - low hazard to human life in the event of a failure (agricultural, temporary, storage). Category II - Buildings not categorized by I, III, or IV. Category III - Substantial hazard to human life in the event of a failure (schools, prisons, urgent care). Category IV - Essential facilities (hospitals, fire & police stations, water treatment plants). Don't confuse with Essential Services Buildings.

Answer 137

1. Assembly areas = fixed seats = 60psf. 2. Corridors = 100psf. 3. Residential, R-3 = 40psf. 4. Stadiums and Arenas - bleachers = 100psf. 5. Handrails and guardrails = 50lbs per linear foot.

Answer 138

Minimum roof live loads are based upon roof slopes. Landscape roofs shall use a uniform design live load of 20psf in the landscaped area. The weight of the landscaping materials shall be considered as dead load and shall be considered as dead load and shall be computed on the basis of saturation of the soil.

Answer 139

Basement, foundation and retaining walls shall be design to resist lateral soil loads. These elements must be designed to resist: 1. Overturning 2. Sliding 3. Excessive water pressure 4. Water uplift

Answer 140

1. Privately funded single family homes and duplexes. | 2. Privately funded multi-family projects of three (3) or less units in a condominium project.

Answer 141

1. Sidewalks - min width 48", max surface cross slope 1/4". 2. Accessible parking - min 9'x18' with 5' wide no parking strip, 8' wide no parking strip at van stall. 3. Building entrance - located on accessible route of travel.

Answer 142

1. Entrances and exits - all entrances and exterior ground floor exit doors are to be accessible. 2. Doors - minimum clear opening of 32", level 60" landing in direction of door swing. 3. Stairs - handrails on each side, max tread depth is 11", max tread height is 7", no open risers. 4. Ramps - min width 48", max slope 1:12, min landing width 60" 5. Corridors - minimum width 44" for load > 10

Answer 143

1. Lavatory - max counter height 34", min. 30"x48" clear floor space for forward approach 2. Toilet facilities - 60" minimum circular turning diameter, toilet to be minimum 17" and maximum 19" in height.

Answer 144

Sight impaired - audible fire alarms, tactile warning strips at areas for low hanging overhead projections or changes in floor elevations, and use of braille signage. Hearing impaired - flashing strobe fire alarms, text telephone stations, and assisted listening devices.

Answer 145

No, the building and safety plan checker is only reviewing the drawings for compliance with the accessibility provisions of the California Building Code, Chapter 11A or 11B. They do not review for ADA compliance.

Answer 146

Passive - built into the building structure and provides a barrier between the structure and the fire. Chapter 7 of the CBC discusses these requirements. Active - fire protection systems, such as fire sprinklers, responds to fire by activation of systems to suppress fire and smoke. Chapter 9 of the CBC discusses these requirements.

Answer 147

Fire-Resistance Rating - the period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both.

Answer 148

Fire Walls - a fire-resistance rated wall having protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof. Fire Barrier - a fire-resistance rated wall assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained, such as separating different occupancies or to divide a single occupancy into different fire areas.

Answer 149

Smoke Barriers - a continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. Smoke Partitions - extends from the top of the foundation or floor below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck, or slab above or to the underside of the ceiling above to limit the transfer of smoke.

Answer 150

Means of Egress - a continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access, the exit, and the exit discharge.

Answer 151

Exit Access Travel Distance - max length of exit access travel distance as measured from the most remote point to the entrance to an exit along a "natural and unobstructed path of egress travel."

Answer 152

Exit Discharge - exits shall discharge directly to the exterior of the building with exceptions that may not exceed 50% of the number and capacity of required exits per section 1027.1. Egress Courts are open spaces that provide access to a public way from one or more exits. Min width shall not be less than 44" and shall have an unobstructed height of 7'.

Answer 153

1. Forecast future energy needs and keep historical energy data. 2. Promote energy efficiency by setting the Stat's appliance and building efficiency standards and enforcing them through local government. 3. Support renewable energy by providing market support to existing, new and emerging renewable technologies and provide incentives for solar, wind and fuel cell electricity systems.

Answer 154

Compliance with the Energy Code is plan checked by the local Building & Safety plan checker and enforced in the field by the local building official.

Answer 155

Although most plan checkers will request "Title 24 calcs" with drawing submittals, they are really asking for documents that illustrate compliance with Part 6 of Title 24, the California Energy Code.

Answer 156

1. Space conditioning equipment 2. Water heating equipment 3. Glazing requirements 4. Building envelope and fenestration 5. Insulation requirements 6. Lighting systems and equipment

Answer 157

Performance Approach - most detailed, complex, and flexible compliance path. Based on computer calcs according to actual building geometry and site placement. Primary concerns include: 1. Heat gain/loss through walls, roof, windows, etc. 2. Solar gain from windows, skylights, etc. 3. Heat storage effects from thermal mass 4. Systems for HVAC, lighting, water heating

Answer 158

Prescriptive Approach - simpler method, less design flexibility. Components must comply with the respective section of the Energy Code, such as the building envelope, space conditioning equipment, service water heating system, lighting system, outdoor lighting system, interior and exterior signs.

Answer 159

The Certificate of Compliance is signed by the person(s) responsible for the building design to certify compliance with Part 6. If more than one person has responsibility for the design, each person shall sign the Certificate of Compliance documents, i.e. the Architect and person who prepared the report.

Answer 160

Operation Information - includes information and instructions on how to operate the features, materials, components and mechanical devices correctly and efficiently. Maintenance Information - includes information for all features, materials, components and manufactured devices that require routine maintenance for efficient operation.

Answer 161

The intent of the California Health & Safety Code is to protect the health and safety of the public and acts as the main source for many of the codes applicable to building design and construction. California Law consists of 29 codes, of which the Health & Safety Code is one. These codes cover various subject areas, the State Constitution and Statutes.

Answer 162

1. Essential Services Buildings Seismic Safety Act 2. California Code of Regulations - Title 24 3. Air Resources 4. California Retail Food Code 5. Hospital Facilities Seismic Safety Act

Answer 163

Air Resources - to safeguard the public interest by an intensive coordinated state, regional and local effort to protect and enhance the ambient air quality of the state. The State is divided into air basins and provides incentives for regional strategies to promote air quality. Local and regional authorities have primary responsibility for control of air pollution, except from vehicles, which is controlled by the State Air Resources Board.

Answer 164

1. Floors - smooth, non-absorbent, easily cleanable, drains required if water flushed. 2. Walls & Ceilings - durable, smooth, non-absorbent, easily cleanable. 3. Toilet Facilities - situated so patrons do not pass through food prep, storage or washing areas 4. Sinks - 3 compartment for dish washing, hand washing sinks provided in each food prep area, janitorial sink located away from food areas.

Answer 165

1. Clean Water Act - regulates discharges of pollutants in the waters of the US, quality standards for surface waters. 2. California Water Code - provide protection of water quality and allocation. 3. Department of Water Resources - administers California Water Plan for future usage.

Answer 166

The State Water Board's mission is to preserve, enhance and restore the quality of California's water resources and ensure their proper allocation and efficient use for the benefit of present and future generations. They will typically be involved in the review of a project at the regional level (RWQCB) and will be concerned with any water related issues on the site, including monitoring water quality after construction is completed.

Answer 167

9 RWQCB's which develop and enforce water quality objectives and implementation plans that will best protect the State's waters, recognizing local differences in climate, topography, geology and hydrology. Water Quality Monitoring usually falls under the RWQCB.

Answer 168

The US Department of Justice is responsible for enforcing ADA and publishes the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design.

Answer 169

Through lawsuits and settlement agreements, however the Department of Justice may not sue a party unless negotiations to settle the dispute have previously failed.

Answer 170

I - Employment: job application procedures, hiring, advancement and discharge of employees II - Public Entities & Transportation: access to services in school districts & public transportation III - Public Accommodations & Commercial Facilities: new construction & existing facilities access IV - Telecommunications: hearing and speech impairment accessibility V - Misc. Provisions: technical provisions

Answer 171

II and III. These address, specifically with accessibility relating to public buildings, transportation services and routes as well as requirements for compliance for new construction and existing facilities.

Answer 172

Complaints and violations of Title II or III should be filed with the Department of Justice. They are usually initiated by individuals contacting the Department of Justice (i.e. the DOJ does not typically go around looking for non-compliant conditions). Most state government agencies have ADA compliance coordinators who can aid individuals in filing a complaint.

Answer 173

Federal. It is enforceable at both the state and federal levels.

Answer 174

The ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) serves as a minimum baseline for standards and is published by the U.S. Access Board. They serve as a coordinating body among Federal agencies and directly represent the public, particularly people with disabilities.

Answer 175

B or C depending on project type. ``` 11A = housing 11B = commercial ```

Answer 176

The Owner. The Owner is the person who would be named in a lawsuit, however if the Architect failed to adhere to ADA standards, the Owner may sue the Architect. The Owner would be sued by the Department of Justice if a settlement could not be reached.

Answer 177

No. Architects are expected, as licensed professionals, to be knowledgeable of the ADA standards and to notify the Owner of these standards and incorporate them into the drawings. Architects are also expected to comply with both the accessibility provisions of the CBC as well as ADA standards since the CBC is not always the most stringent.

Answer 178

The California Disabled Accessibility Guidebook (CalDAG) is a third party publication that cross references the CBC regulations with ADA standards.

Answer 179

UL provides product development as well as safety testing and certification with a focus on materials & assemblies features such as: - Fire Protection & Resistance Ratings - Means of Egress door hardware & exit signage - Roof Assemblies for fire performance, hail and wind uplift resistance

Answer 180

ANSI oversees the development of standards for products, services, processes, and systems. An ANSI Standard is a document established by consensus that provides rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results. ANSI does not develop standards, rather they coordinate them.

Answer 181

ASTM International is an international standards organization that develops and maintains standards for a wide range of materials, such as: - Adhesives - Roofing - Cement and Concrete - Thermal Insulation - Fire and Flammability - Wood - Masonry - Roads and Paving

Answer 182

FM certifies industrial and commercial products and services and develops standards mainly for the property insurance industry. These products are often required on project at the request of the insurance company providing the policy on the building. Products include: - Wall Hydrants - Heat & Smoke Vents - Fire Hoses & Doors - Skylights - Fire Department Connections

Answer 183

Intertek is a global testing, inspecting and certification company and the Warnock Hersey (WH) mark is one part of the company. This mark can be found on many products such as fire doors, builders' hardware, and plumbing products.

Answer 184

GA publishes the Fire Resistance Design Manual that may be used for fire-rated walls and partitions, floor/ceiling systems, roof/ceiling systems, and to protect columns, beams and girders. GA is a not-for-profit trade association promoting the use of gypsum and advancing the development and growth of the gypsum industry.

Answer 185

The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning is an international organization aimed at advancing HVAC and refrigeration standards writing, publishing and continuing education. ASHRAE writes standards for performance criteria and testing methods and publishes these as Method of Measurement or Test, Standard Design or Standard of Practice.

Answer 186

No, these costs are considered construction costs and due to market and economic fluctuations, the Architect has no control over how these prices shift. Also, according to the standard Owner/Architect agreement this is not part of the Architect's Basic Services.

Answer 187

1. Bubble diagrams display inter-relationships of spaces as well as show direct adjacencies. 2. Flow diagrams show necessary adjacencies in order to facilitate the circulation of people, vehicles, goods, etc. Diagrams should also display a clear hierarchy of spaces.

Answer 188

1. Project goals and values 2. Requirements for the building 3. Project Schedule 4. Project Budget

Answer 189

Unless the Owner has a fair amount of previous experience with the project type, programming should not be omitted as it is an important stage to determine project goals and potential solutions. Though the Owner may perceive cutting programming as an initial cost savings, the budget may be negatively affected due to potential changes in the later design and construction phases.

Answer 190

It is very important for the Architect to communicate this information to the Owner in writing to maintain project documentation. Local building and zoning codes will define what is possible on a given piece of land and in order for a project to be approved for construction, these codes must be followed.

Answer 191

False. The Architect is only responsible for his/her own instruments of service and must rely on the accuracy and completeness of any surveys, tests, analyzed data, etc. provided by the Owner.

Answer 192

1. Topography grade elevations. 2. Building footprints and building heights. 3. Street locations and adjoining property information. 4. Easements and right of way access. 5. Any existing utilities above and below grade.

Answer 193

1. Cost per unit, such as $10,000 for each hospital bed. | 2. Cost per square foot, such as $100/SF for a TI project.

Answer 194

Yes. According to AIA B201 Standard Form of Architect's Services, Design and Construction Contract Administration, Article 2.2 Schematic Design Services, the Architect shall review the program and other information provided by the Owner and provide a preliminary evaluation of the Owner's program, schedule and budget.

Answer 195

Notify the Owner in writing and request written clarification from those responsible for drafting the reports. The Architect is not responsible for information supplied by others, however the Owner should be informed immediately of any conflicts in information.

Answer 196

The regulations in California were developed by DSA Access Compliance eight years before the US Congress pass the ADA in 1990. The current CBSC was written to provide a single code which would meet all of the most stringent requirements of the original CBSC as well as the 1991 Federal Fair Housing Amendments Act and ADA Accessibility Guidelines.

Answer 197

No. ADA compliance is required on both new construction as well as TI's and facilities upgrades.

Answer 198

Full compliance with ADA is required on all new construction, however if an owner is performing facilities upgrades on an existing property, they may file for a waiver to be exempt from full compliance if doing so would create an undue financial hardship.

Category 2 - Programming & Design Flashcards

(222 cards)