Normal AVO2
4-5%
PVR normal range
20-120 dynes/sec
Normal O2 co consumption default
250 ml/min
Advantages of Fick CO
Good for low CO, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, restrictive pericarditis
Disadvantages of Fick
No good if shunt is present, results not easily reproducible, not accurate with high CO
TD advantages
Reproducible with accurate results
TD disadvantages
Not accurate w/TR or PR, not accurate with high CO states
O2 capacity =
HgB x 1.36
O2 content =
O2 capacity x O2 saturation
CI =
Fick CO / BSA
Normal CI range
2.0 - 4.5 L/min/M2
A wave indicates
Rise in pressure due to atrial contraction
C wave (if seen)
Increased pressure in ventricle causes bulge of pressure into atrium
V wave indicates
Rise in pressure due to atrial filling
X descent
Drop in atrial pressure, atria relax
Y descent
Rapid drop in pressure, AV valve opens - beginning of ventricular filling
Normal RA
10/10/5
Normal RV
25/3/5
Normal PA
25/10/15
Normal PCW
12/12/10
Normal AOV area
2.6 - 3.5 cm2
Normal MV area
4-6 cm2
LAO cranial - ______ seen well
LAD
LAO caudal-______seen well
Circumflex
