What is the purpose of renal and urological care?
To ensure adequate urine output, manage incontinence, relieve discomfort from bladder distension, prevent urinary tract infections, and maintain catheter patency.
Define polyuria.
The production of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys.
What does oliguria refer to?
Decreased urinary output.
What is nocturia?
Voiding two or more times at night.
Define urgency in relation to urination.
The sudden strong desire to void the urinary bladder.
What does dysuria mean?
Voiding that is either painful or difficult.
What is enuresis?
Involuntary urination by children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally acquired.
What is urinary retention?
Incomplete emptying of the bladder.
Define neurogenic bladder.
Dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to a disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves.
True or False: Urinary incontinence is a disease.
False. It is a symptom, not a disease.
List the medical problems that can cause acute incontinence.
- stool blocking urine flow
- bladder Infection
- inflammation from lack of estrogen
*large amount of urine production - Restricted mobility
What are the four kinds of chronic urinary incontinence?
- Stress UI
- Urge UI
- Overflow UI
- Functional UI
What is urinary catheterization?
Introduction of a catheter through the urethra into the urinary bladder.
What is the purpose of urinary catheterization?
- Relieve discomfort from bladder distension
- Assess residual urine amount
- Obtain a urine specimen
- Empty bladder prior to surgery
- Facilitate accurate measurement of urinary output
What is a straight catheter?
A catheter inserted to drain the bladder and then immediately removed.
What is a retention (or Foley) catheter?
A catheter that remains in the bladder to drain urine, featuring a double-lumen design.
What is the appropriate catheter length for adult female patients?
22 cm.
What is the appropriate catheter size for adult males?
40 cm.
What are the indications for self-catheterization?
- Chronic urinary retention
- Detrusor hyperactivity
- Urge incontinence
List some complications of catheterization.
- Structural damage to urinary tract
- Bleeding
- False passage
- Patient discomfort
- Catheter leakage
- Infection
What signs may indicate a urinary tract infection?
- Foul smelling urine
- Change in urine color
- Painful burning during urination
- Pressure above the pubic bone
What is the purpose of bladder irrigation?
To wash out the bladder and apply medication to the bladder lining.
What is suprapubic catheterization?
A surgically created connection between the urinary bladder and the skin.
What are the contraindications for suprapubic catheterization?
- Absence of a palpable distended bladder
- Coagulopathy
- Prior lower abdominal or pelvic surgery
