Caudata

Question 1

Answer 1

Plethodontidae

Typhlomolge rathbuni

• Black dots as eyes; no pigmentation
• Limited to caves in Texas

Question 2

Answer 2

Ambystomatidae

• Dicamptodon ensatus*
• Pacific Northwest (including northwestern California)

Question 3

Answer 3

Sirenidae

Siren lacertina

• Eastern Seaboard, Florida Peninsula
• robust, dark, 4 toes
• No hind legs

Question 4

Answer 4

Plethodontidae

Plethodon yonahlosee

• dorsum lighter than head; sides white/light; 0-1 grooves between adpressed limbs
• Appalachian Mountains

Question 5

Answer 5

Plethodontidae

Plethodon glutinosus

• dark bodies with dark chin & venter; white flecks on dorsum, maybe extending to sides
• Eastern North America (east of Great Plains)

Question 6

Answer 6

Proteidae

Necturus maculosus

• Weak grooves
• Gills
• Dark spots
• 4 toes on hind limbs
• Midwest, Appalachians
• sometimes confused with larval ambystomatids, but note indistinct costal grooves

Question 7

Answer 7

Plethodontidae

Plethodon cinereas

• similar to P. vehiculum; 17-22 costal grooves
• Northeastern United States (Midwest, Appalachians, northeastern seaboard)

Question 8

Answer 8

Plethodontidae

Eurycea longicauda

• long tail
• Appalachian Mountains
• Like plethodon but smaller, thin-bodied

Question 9

Answer 9

Plethodontidae

Plethodon vehiculum

• red stripe extends to tip of tail, 15-17 costal grooves
• Pacific Northwest

Question 10

Answer 10

Plethodontidae

Ensatina eschscholtzii

• no banding
• California Floristic Province
• basal constriction at tail

Question 11

Answer 11

Sirenidae

Siren intermedia

• Florida, Gulf Coast, Eastern Seaboard, Mississippi River basin
• robust, dark, 4 toes
• No hind Legs

Question 12

Answer 12

Amphiumidae

Amphiuma tridactylum

• 4 small limbs, 3 toes per limb
• Gulf Coast/Mississippi River region

Question 13

Answer 13

Plethodontidae

Pseudotriton ruber

• black spots in “orange-red” background
• Eastern U.S. (mostly east of Mississippi River, except Florida)

Question 14

Answer 14

Plethodontidae

Ensatina klauberi

• orange/black banding
• Southern California Floristic Province – northern peninsular ranges, eastern transverse ranges)
• basal constriction at tail

Question 15

Answer 15

Plethodontidae

Plethodon jordani

• venter distinctly lighter than dorsum; 2-3 costal grooves between adpressed limbs
• Appalachian Mountains

Question 16

Answer 16

Ambystomatidae

Ambystoma gracile

• prominent paratoids
• Pacific Northwest, including northwestern California

Question 17

Answer 17

Plethodontidae

Batrachoseps

• elongate, thin, tiny legs, 4 digits on hindlimbs
• California Floristic Province

Question 18

Answer 18

Sirenidae

Pseudobranchus

• “gracile”, lighter stripes, 3 toes
• Florida Peninsula
• No hind legs

Question 19

Answer 19

Proteidae

Necturus maculosus

• Weak grooves
• Gills
• Dark spots
• 4 toes on hind limbs
• Midwest, Appalachians
• sometimes confused with larval ambystomatids, but note indistinct costal grooves

Question 20

Answer 20

Plethodontidae

Stereochilus marginatus

• stripes/lines
• Eastern seaboard

Question 21

Answer 21

Sirenidae

Siren lacertina

• Eastern Seaboard, Florida Peninsula
• robust, dark, 4 toes
• No hind legs

Question 22

Answer 22

Plethodontidae

Eurycea bislineata

• 2 lines
• Eastern U.S. (mostly east of Mississippi River, except Florida)
• Like plethodon but smaller, thin-bodied

Question 23

Answer 23

Ambystomatidae

Ambystoma maculatum

• dark body with yellow/orange spots
• Eastern North America, except Florida (east of Great Plains)

Question 24

Answer 24

Sirenidae

Siren lacertina

• Eastern Seaboard, Florida Peninsula
• robust, dark, 4 toes
• No hind legs

Question 25

Answer 25

**Plethodontidae** *Desmognathus sp.* * thick neck, white patch between eyes and lips, shovel-shaped snout * Appalachians, Eastern Seaboard, Florida, Gulf Coast

Question 26

Answer 26

**Plethodontidae** *Plethodon dunni* * red stripe terminates well before tip of tail * Pacific Northwest

Question 27

Answer 27

**Ambystomatidae** *Ambystoma texanum* * “short” snout, 13+ costal grooves * Eastern North America around Mississippi River drainage (east of Great Plains, west of Appalachians)

Question 28

Answer 28

**Plethodontidae** *Eurycea guttolineata* * three lines * Southeastern U.S. (Gulf Coast, Eastern Seaboard) * like plethodon but smaller, thin-bodied

Question 29

Answer 29

**cryptobranchidae** *Cryptobranchus alleganiensis* • Appalachian Mountains

Question 30

Answer 30

**Salamandridae** *Taricha* * slightly broader head; sometimes bumpy skin, except during breeding * Western North American (California Floristic Province and Pacific NW) * No grooves

Question 31

Answer 31

**Plethodontidae** *Aneides lugubris* * trips of digits truncated or squared * California Floristic Province

Question 32

Answer 32

**Ambystomatidae** *Ambystoma opacum* * white/grayish dorsal bands * Eastern North America (east of Great Plains) except Florida and Appalachian Mountains

Question 33

Answer 33

**Ambystomatidae** *Ambystoma jeffersonium* * ~12 costal grooves. “larger” snout * Northeastern U.S. (Midwest, northeast Appalachians, northeastern seaboard)

Question 34

Answer 34

**Salamandridae** *Notophthalmus* * parallel cranial crests * Eastern North America (east of Great Plains) * No grooves

Question 35

Answer 35

**Plethodontidae** *Plethodon glutinosus* * dark bodies with dark chin & venter; white flecks on dorsum, maybe extending to sides * Eastern North America (east of Great Plains)