Factual
R V white - actual cause
Legal
R V smith
R V pagget
Unbroken chain between D act and cause of concequences
Thin skull rule
Take victim as you find them
R V Blaue
Victims own act
Did V act reasonable in situation
R V roberts - reasonable
R v William - unreasonable
Medical
If original wound is healed then mistake breaks chain - R V Jordan
Novus actus interviens
New intervening act
Act of third party can break chain
R V Kennedy