Health
The World Health Organisation define health as ‘a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, not just simply the absence of disease’
Physical well-being
Physical well-being includes being free from disease, eating and sleeping well,getting regular exercise and limiting the intake of harmful substances as drugs and alcohol.
Social well-being
Social well-being includes how well you interact with other people and how your surroundings affect you
Mental well-being
Mental well-being includes how you feel about yourself
Disease
A problem with a structure or process in the body that is not caused by injury
Communicable disease
Can be passed from person to person. Caused by a microorganism/pathogen getting in to the body
Non-communicable disease
Cannot be passed on from person to person. Caused by a problem in the body such as a fault in the genes or lifestyle choices.
Types of communicable diseases:
- Cholera
- Ebola
- Malaria
- TB
- HIV
- Chalara dieback
Types of non-communicable diseases:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Anaemia
- Rickets
- Scurvy
- Liver cirrhosis
- Cardiovascular disease
- Kwashiorkor
A BMI over…
A BMI over 30 indicates that someone is obese and at risk of cardiovascular disease
Lifestyle changes
Doctors might advise a patient to stop smoking or take up exercise to reduce blood pressure to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease
Lifestyle changes
Advantage and disadvantage
Advantage: Doesn’t need drugs or surgery (free and lacks danger)
Disadvantage: Can be difficult for people to loose weight or give up smoking
Lifelong medication
Doctors may give patients with very high blood pressure medicines e.g. beta-blockers to reduce blood pressure and the risk of heart attacks
Lifelong medication
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantage: Simple and effective treatment, no risk of surgery
Disadvantage: Drugs can have side effects; people can forget to take them
Surgery
Some people have a ‘stent’ put in their blood vessels in a surgery to widen the vessel. People who have these surgeries have to take medicine for the rest of their lives to prevent heart attacks.
Surgery
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantage: Effective treatment - makes clots much less likely
Disadvantage: Surgeries are dangerous, especially if people are overweight
Cholera Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Bacteria
- Symptoms of disease: Diarrhoea
- How pathogen is spread: Drinking infected water
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: Treating drinking water to kill bacteria. Good hygiene
Tuberculosis Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Bacteria
- Symptoms of disease: Lung damage
- How pathogen is spread: airborne - inhaling infected sneezes/coughs
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: cover mouth when coughing/sneezing. TB vaccinations
Stomach ulcers Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Helicobacter (bacteria)
- Symptoms of disease: Stomach pain
- How pathogen is spread: Oral - touching people’s food after touching own infected mouth
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: Washing hands before preparing food
Malaria Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Protist
- Symptoms of disease: Damage blood and liver causing fever and sickness
- How pathogen is spread: Animal vectors - mosquitos carry protist from person to person
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: use mosquito nets to stop them biting
Chalara ash dieback Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Fungi
- Symptoms of disease: Leaf loss and bark lessons (damage) in ash trees
- How pathogen is spread: Airborne - spores in the air carried by wind
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: Cutting down infected trees
Ebola Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Virus
- Symptoms of disease: Haemorrhagic fever (internal bleeding and fever)
- How pathogen is spread: bodily fluids of infected people getting in to blood of non infected person
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: Wear gloves and face masks when working with infected people
HIV Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Virus
- Symptoms of disease: Destroys white blood cells - causing the onset of AIDS. This means you will get very ill very easily from other pathogens
- How pathogen is spread: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) contact with sexual fluids
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: Using a condom, not sharing needles, taking drugs to stop infection spreading from mother to baby
Chlamydia Type of pathogen Symptoms of disease How pathogen is spread How spread can be reduced/prevented
- Type of pathogen: Bacteria
- Symptoms of disease: Often no obvious symptoms but can lead to infertility
- How pathogen is spread: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) contact with sexual fluids
- How spread can be reduced/prevented: using a condom, antibiotics get rid of infection
