CBL 2

Question 1

What are some vascular key words?

Answer 1

• Diabetic
• Smoker
• Rest Pain
• Claudication distance and site of claudication
• Ischaemia and necrosis
• Investigations
• Pulses

Question 2

What is this?

Answer 2

Ischaemic toes/gangrene

Question 3

Where to feel the pulses in the legs?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is an angiogram?

Answer 4

Medical imaging technique used to visualise the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers.

Can also get CT angiogram and becomes coloured

Question 5

What is an AAA?

Answer 5

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

• An abdominal aortic aneurysm is an enlarged area in the lower part of the major vessel that supplies blood to the body (aorta).

Question 6

Explain rest pain (associated symptoms, how to improve symptoms)

Answer 6

• Intermittent claudication is a common condition and in most cases is easily diagnosed
• It is associated with a significantly increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease
• Only a small proportion of patients with claudication require revascularisation
• The main treatment aim is to reduce the risk of mortality from cardiovascular events
• Smoking cessation, control of hypertension and diabetes, and prescription of statins and antiplatelet drugs are key elements for treating the condition
• Exercise, angioplasty, and bypass surgery can improve symptoms of claudication

Question 7

What conditions or risk factors increase the relative risk of developing claudication?

Answer 7

1. Hypercholesterolaemia
2. Hypertension
3. Hyperhomocysteinaemia
   
   1. abnormally high level of homocysteine in the blood (homocysteine is an amino acid that is required to make proteins)
4. Diabetes
5. Smoking

Question 8

What is the survival rate of individuals with intermittent claudication vs normal

Answer 8

• Pain when move but stops at rest
• Claudication is pain caused by too little blood flow to muscles during exercise.

Question 9

What are the indications for revascularisation in intermittent claudication?

Answer 9

• A predicted or observed lack of response to exercise or drug treatment
• Presence of severe disability, patient being unable to work or perform important activities
• Absence of other disease that would limit exercise even if claudication were improved (such as angina, chronic respiratory disease)
• Patient’s anticipated natural history and prognosis
• Morphology of lesion makes it suitable for revascularisation