CC

Question 1

Analytes affected by HEMOLYSIS: “PMALICK”

Answer 1

• Phosphate
• Magnesium
• Ammonia
• ALT, AST, ACP
• LD
• Iron
• Catecholamine
• CK
• K

Question 2

⬆️ Analytes - AFTERNOON: PTAG

Answer 2

• PTH
• TSH
• ACP
• GH

Question 3

⬇️ Analytes: AFTERNOON: CAPAI

Answer 3

• Cortisol
• ACTH
• Plasma Renin
• Aldosterone
• Insulin

Question 4

Analytes that requires CHILLING

Answer 4

Ammonia, Blood Gas

Question 5

Photosensitive Analytes:

Answer 5

• Bilirubin
• CK
• Vitamin A

Question 6

Specimen for electrolyte analysis:

Answer 6

Heparinized Plasma

Question 7

Specimen for HbA1c:

Answer 7

EDTA Whole Blood

Question 8

AC of choice for lipoprotein:

Answer 8

EDTA

Question 9

AC of choice for blood gas studies:

Answer 9

Lithium Heparin

Question 10

Rate of glycolysis at room temp: 7 rooms

Answer 10

7 mg/dL/hr

Question 11

Rate of glycolysis at 4°C (ref temperature) : 2 REFs

Answer 11

2 mg/dL/hr

Question 12

Whole blood glucose is _____ than serum glucose

Answer 12

10-15% lower

Question 13

10% contamination with 5% dextrose

Answer 13

Increase glucose by 500 mg/dL

Question 14

GLUCOSE LEVELS:

Answer 14

Whole Blood < Venous < Capillary

Arterial = Capillary

Question 15

REFERENCE METHODS:

Answer 15

• Lipoprotein: Ultracentrifugation
• Cholesterol: Abell Kendall
  
  • one step method: Liebermann-Burchardt
  • three step method: Abell Kendall
• TAG: Modified Van Handel
• Glucose: Hexokinase
• GFR: Inulin Clearance
• BUN, Crea, Uric acid: Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Question 16

TYPE I DM:

Answer 16

• Juvenile onset
• Insulin-dependent DM
• Autoimmune, Beta cell destruction
• With ketoacidosis
• Low C-peptide levels

Question 17

TYPE II DM:

Answer 17

• Adult onset
• Non-insulin dependent DM
• Lifestyle, Insulin resistant
• Rare ketoacidosis
• Normal C-peptide levels

Question 18

GLYCOSYLATED Hgb: Long term glucose monitoring

Answer 18

GLYCOSYLATED Albumin: Short term glucose monitoring

Question 19

Glycogen Storage Disease: 6
VP Cori Ay May HERSheys 🍫

Answer 19

1 - Von Gurke: * GG ↔️ G6phosphatase
2 - Pompe: * PoLys ↔️ Lysosomal a glucosidase
3 - Cori: * CD ↔️ Debranching enzyme
4 - Andersen: * AB ↔️ Branching enzyme
5 - McArdle: * MM ↔️ Muscle phosphorylase
6 - Hers: * LivHer ↔️ Liver phosphorylase

Question 20

Minor LPP

Answer 20

IDL, Lp (a)

Question 21

Sinking pre-beta LPP:

Answer 21

Lp (a)

Question 22

Floating beta LPP:

Answer 22

B-VLDL

Question 23

LPP in obstructive jaundice:

Answer 23

LpX

Question 24

Hyperthyroidism:

Answer 24

LOW CHOLE/TG

Question 25

Hypothyroidism:

Answer 25

HIGH CHOLE/TG HIGH SERUM ALBUMIN

Question 26

Fredrickson's Classification of Dyslipoproteinemia:

Answer 26

1. Familial LPL Deficiency ↔️ CM 2. 2a. Familial Hypercholesterolemia ↔️ VLDL 2b. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia ↔️ LDL, VLDL 3. Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia ↔️ B-VLDL, IDL (+) 4. Familial Hypertriglyceridemia ↔️ VLDL 5. Endogenous Hypertriglyceridemia ↔️ CM, VLDL

Question 27

Alpha 1 Globulins:

Answer 27

- a1 antitrypsin - a1 acid GP/orosomucoid - a1 antichymotrypsin - a1 fetoprotein - Gc globulin - Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor - Thyroxine binding globulin - HDL

Question 28

Alpha 2 Globulins: "CHA"

Answer 28

- Ceruloplasmin - Haptoglobin - a2 macroglobulin

Question 29

Beta Globulins: "H Burger TLC"

Answer 29

- Hemopexin - B2 microglobulin - Transferrin - LDL - C3, CRP

Question 30

Gamma Globulins:

Answer 30

- Immunoglobulin - CRP (Henry)

Question 31

Liver cirrhosis

Answer 31

Beta-gamma binding Increased IgA

Question 32

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 32

Monoclonal gammopathy

Question 33

Chronic Inflammation

Answer 33

Polyclonal gammopathy

Question 34

Acute Inflammation

Answer 34

Increased alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulins

Question 35

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 35

Alpha 2 globulin SPIKE Increased a2-macroglobulin

Question 36

Emphysema

Answer 36

Decreased alpha 1 globulin

Question 37

EARLIEST pancreatic marker:

Answer 37

AMYLASE

Question 38

MOST SPECIFIC pancreatic marker:

Answer 38

LIPASE

Question 39

MOST HEAT STABLE ALP: Placental ALP

Answer 39

MOST HEAT LABILE ALP: "BB" Bone ALP

Question 40

Order of ALP isoenzyme migration: LBPI

Answer 40

Liver ↔️ Bone ↔️ Placental ↔️ Intestinal

Question 41

Enzyme with LEAST TISSUE SPECIFICITY:

Answer 41

LD

Question 42

Forward reaction for LD: WACKER

Answer 42

Reverse reaction for LD: WROBLEUSKI LA DUE

Question 43

6 or more consecutive values distributed on one side of the mean, can be caused by IMPROPER CALIBRATION

Answer 43

SHIFT

Question 44

6 or more consecutive values that continue to either increase or decrease, can be caused by REAGENT DETERIORATION.

Answer 44

TREND

Question 45

Ability to detect a small quantity of analyte

Answer 45

Analytical SENSITIVITY

Question 46

Ability to detect only the analyte of interest

Answer 46

Analytical SPECIFICITY

Question 47

POSITIVE RESULT IN THE PRESENCE OF DISEASE

Answer 47

Diagnostic SENSITIVITY - positive

Question 48

NEGATIVE RESULT IN THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE

Answer 48

Diagnostic SPECIFICITY - negative

Question 49

Measure amount of light scattered

Answer 49

NEPHELOMETRY

Question 50

Measure amount of light blocked

Answer 50

TURBIDIMETRY

Question 51

Reference method for calcium and magnesium

Answer 51

AAS : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Question 52

PROTEIN FUNCTION

Answer 52

- Indicator of malnutrition: PREALB/Transthyretin - Carrier of copper: Ceruloplasmin I - Carrier of hemoglobin: Haptoglobin - Carrier of heme: Hemopexin - Carrier of iron: Transferrin - Found between beta and gamma: Fibrinogen

Question 53

SODIUM

Answer 53

Increased: - Dehydration - Diabetes insipidus - Hyperaldosteronism/Conn's Decreased: - Diuretics, SIADH - Hypoaldosteronism - Myxedema - RTA

Question 54

POTASSIUM

Answer 54

Increased: - Dehydration - Hemolysis - Addison's disease - Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine Decreased: - Vomiting - Hyperaldosteronism/ Conn's - Cushing's syndrome - Diuretics

Question 55

CHLORIDE

Answer 55

Increased: - Diabetes insipidus - RTA - Salicylate intoxication Decreased: - Vomiting - Hypoaldosteronism - Salt-losing nephritis

Question 56

CALCIUM

Answer 56

Increased: - Multiple myeloma - Hyperparathyroidism Decreased: - Vit. D deficiency - Hypoparathyroidism

Question 57

PHOSPHORUS

Answer 57

Increased: - Hypoparathyroidism - Renal failure Decreased: - Hyperparathyroidism - Alcohol abuse