CC LAB FINALS

Question 1

any substance that causes harmful effects upon exposure

Answer 1

Poison

Question 2

Substances not absorb produces local effects

Answer 2

Poison

Question 3

study inter relationships between toxic exposure and disease states

Answer 3

Clinical

Question 4

results from animal experiments to predict what level of exposure will cause harm in humans; risk assessment

Answer 4

Descriptive

Question 5

primary concern in medico-legal in toxic exposure consequences

Answer 5

Forensic

Question 6

cellular and biochemical effects of toxins

Answer 6

Mechanistic

Question 7

A substance with a capacity to produce injury or illness

Answer 7

Toxic substance

Question 8

Three types of Toxic Hazardous materials

Answer 8

1. Chemical Agents and Drugs of Abuse
2. Physical Agents
3. Biological Agents

Question 9

Effects of toxicants; Irreversible

Answer 9

1. Carcinogens
2. Mutagen
3. Reproductive hazards
4. Teratogen

Question 10

Acute effects of toxicants

Answer 10

1. Short term
2. Appears shortly after exposure (<24 hrs)
3. Can be form single exposure

Question 11

Chronic effects of toxicants

Answer 11

1. With latency
2. It takes a long period of time before you see the effects (>3 months)
3. Exposure can be due to repeated doses

Question 12

Major factors that influence toxicity

Answer 12

Route of admission
Duration and frequency of exposure
Dose or concentration

Question 13

via mouth/nose, then to the lungs, and to the bloodstream

Answer 13

Inhalation

Question 14

mouth to stomach to bloodstream

Answer 14

Ingestion

Question 15

cuts/punctures/wounds and then to the bloodstream

Answer 15

Injection

Question 16

the amount of chemical entering the body

Answer 16

Dose

Question 17

dose of a chemical which produces death in 50% of a population.

Answer 17

LD50

Question 18

dose that would be predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population.

Answer 18

TD50

Question 19

dose that would be predicted to be effective or have therapeutic benefit in 50% of the population

Answer 19

ED50

Question 20

is the biotransformation chemicals into something less harmful

Answer 20

Detoxification

Question 21

Excretion through the ____,____,____

Answer 21

kidneys, liver, and lungs

Question 22

Common CNS depressants  Causes disorientation, confusion

Answer 22

Alcohol

Question 23

Grain alcohol

Answer 23

Ethanol

Question 24

Most common alcohol

Answer 24

Ethanol

Question 25

Fatal dose of ethanol

Answer 25

300-400mL

Question 26

0.01 – 0.05

Answer 26

No obvious impairment, some changes observable during testing

Question 27

Mild euphoria, low inhibitions, some impairment of motor skills

Answer 27

0.03-0.12

Question 28

0.09 – 0.25

Answer 28

Low inhibitions, loss critical judgement, memory impairment, low reaction time

Question 29

0.18 – 0.30

Answer 29

Mental confusion, dizziness, strong impaired motor skills

Question 30

0.27 – 0.40

Answer 30

Unable to stand and walk, vomiting, impaired consciousness

Question 31

COMA and POSSIBLE DEATH

Answer 31

0.36 – 0.50

Question 32

Wood alcohol

Answer 32

Methanol

Question 33

Common solvent, contaminant to homemade liquors

Answer 33

Methanol

Question 34

Methanol is converted to formaldehyde and then to Formica acid in the ____

Answer 34

Liver

Question 35

Fatal dose of methanol

Answer 35

60-250mL

Question 36

Rubbing alcohol

Answer 36

Isopropanol

Question 37

Fatal dose of isopropanol

Answer 37

250mL

Question 38

Isopropanol is converted to ___ by _______

Answer 38

Acetone; hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 39

Colorless, Odorless, Tasteless

Answer 39

Carbon monoxide