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CCTV memo Flashcards

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1
Q

Which OSI layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and reliability?

A

Transport

The Transport layer ensures complete data transfer and error recovery.

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2
Q

Which OSI layer handles MAC addresses and switching?

A

Data Link

The Data Link layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer.

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3
Q

At which OSI layer does a router operate?

A

Network

The Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing.

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4
Q

Which OSI layer manages data encryption and compression?

A

Presentation

The Presentation layer formats data for the application layer.

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5
Q

Which OSI layer establishes and terminates sessions between applications?

A

Session

The Session layer manages sessions and controls the dialogues between computers.

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6
Q

Which OSI layer converts bits into electrical signals?

A

Physical

The Physical layer deals with the physical connection between devices.

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7
Q

What port does HTTPS use?

A

443

HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP.

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8
Q

What port does SSH use?

A

22

SSH is used for secure remote login and other secure network services.

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9
Q

What protocol uses port 53?

A

DNS

DNS translates domain names into IP addresses.

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10
Q

What port does RDP use?

A

3389

RDP is used for remote desktop connections.

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11
Q

What protocol uses port 161?

A

SNMP

SNMP is used for network management and monitoring.

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12
Q

What port does FTP use for control?

A

21

FTP is used for transferring files over the Internet.

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13
Q

What protocol uses port 69?

A

TFTP

TFTP is a simpler version of FTP, used for transferring files.

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14
Q

What port does SMTP use?

A

25

SMTP is used for sending emails.

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15
Q

What port does NTP use?

A

123

NTP is used for synchronizing clocks over a network.

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16
Q

What is the loopback IP address?

A

127.0.0.1

The loopback address is used to test network software without physical network hardware.

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17
Q

What range is used for APIPA addresses?

A

169.254.0.0

APIPA addresses are used for automatic private IP addressing.

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18
Q

Which IP class does 192.168.x.x belong to?

A

Class C

Class C addresses are commonly used for small networks.

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19
Q

Which IP range is reserved for multicast?

A

224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255

This range is used for multicast groups.

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20
Q

What are the three private IP ranges?

A
  • 10.0.0.0 /8
  • 172.16.0.0 /12
  • 192.168.0.0 /16

These ranges are used for private networks.

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21
Q

What is the broadcast address?

A

255.255.255.255

The broadcast address is used to send data to all hosts on a network.

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22
Q

What is the maximum host count in a /24 network?

A

254

A /24 subnet allows for 256 addresses, minus 2 for network and broadcast addresses.

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23
Q

How many usable hosts are in a /26 network?

A

62

A /26 subnet allows for 64 addresses, minus 2 for network and broadcast addresses.

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24
Q

What is the subnet mask for /27?

A

255.255.255.224

This subnet mask allows for 32 addresses, with 30 usable hosts.

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25
What is the **subnet mask** for /30?
255.255.255.252 ## Footnote This subnet mask allows for 4 addresses, with 2 usable hosts.
26
What is the **network increment** for /26?
64 ## Footnote The increment determines the size of each subnet.
27
What is the **network increment** for /27?
32 ## Footnote The increment determines the size of each subnet.
28
What is the **network increment** for /28?
16 ## Footnote The increment determines the size of each subnet.
29
How many **usable hosts** exist in a /29 network?
6 ## Footnote A /29 subnet allows for 8 addresses, minus 2 for network and broadcast addresses.
30
How many **usable hosts** exist in a /25 network?
126 ## Footnote A /25 subnet allows for 128 addresses, minus 2 for network and broadcast addresses.
31
What table does a **switch use** to forward frames?
MAC address table ## Footnote The MAC address table maps MAC addresses to switch ports.
32
What command shows the **MAC address table** on Cisco switches?
show mac address-table ## Footnote This command displays the MAC addresses learned by the switch.
33
What protocol prevents **Layer 2 loops**?
STP ## Footnote Spanning Tree Protocol prevents loops in network topologies.
34
What type of address does a switch use to make **forwarding decisions**?
MAC address ## Footnote Switches use MAC addresses to determine where to forward frames.
35
What device works primarily at **Layer 2**?
Switch ## Footnote Switches operate at the Data Link layer.
36
What is the **default VLAN** on Cisco switches?
VLAN 1 ## Footnote VLAN 1 is the default VLAN for all switch ports.
37
What is the purpose of a **VLAN**?
Network segmentation ## Footnote VLANs are used to segment networks for improved performance and security.
38
What type of port carries **multiple VLANs**?
Trunk port ## Footnote Trunk ports are used to connect switches and carry traffic for multiple VLANs.
39
What VLAN tagging protocol does **Cisco use**?
802.1Q ## Footnote 802.1Q is the standard for VLAN tagging.
40
What VLAN sends traffic **untagged** on a trunk?
Native VLAN ## Footnote The native VLAN is the default VLAN for untagged traffic.
41
What command displays **VLANs** on a switch?
show vlan brief ## Footnote This command provides a summary of VLANs configured on the switch.
42
What type of port carries **only one VLAN**?
Access port ## Footnote Access ports are used to connect end devices to a VLAN.
43
What command shows the **routing table**?
show ip route ## Footnote This command displays the current routing table on a router.
44
What routing protocol is a **link-state protocol**?
OSPF ## Footnote OSPF is a widely used link-state routing protocol.
45
What routing protocol uses **hop count** as a metric?
RIP ## Footnote RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count.
46
What routing protocol is used on the **internet between ISPs**?
BGP ## Footnote BGP is the protocol used for routing between different autonomous systems.
47
What device forwards **traffic between networks**?
Router ## Footnote Routers connect different networks and route traffic between them.
48
What OSI layer handles **logical addressing (IP)**?
Network layer ## Footnote The Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing.
49
What protocol assigns **IP addresses automatically**?
DHCP ## Footnote DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
50
What are the **four DHCP steps**?
* Discover * Offer * Request * Acknowledge ## Footnote These steps outline the DHCP process for assigning IP addresses.
51
What does **DNS** do?
Resolves domain names to IP addresses ## Footnote DNS translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.
52
What protocol synchronizes **network time**?
NTP ## Footnote NTP is used to synchronize clocks across networked devices.
53
What protocol monitors **network devices** and uses port 161?
SNMP ## Footnote SNMP is used for network management and monitoring.
54
What does **NAT** do?
Translates private IP to public IP ## Footnote NAT allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.
55
What command tests **connectivity between two hosts**?
ping ## Footnote The ping command checks if a host is reachable over the network.
56
What command shows the **path packets take across a network**?
traceroute ## Footnote Traceroute displays the route taken by packets to reach a destination.
57
What command shows **ARP mappings**?
show arp ## Footnote This command displays the Address Resolution Protocol table.
58
What command shows **interface status**?
show ip interface brief ## Footnote This command provides a summary of the status of all interfaces.
59
What problem occurs when two devices have the same **IP**?
IP conflict ## Footnote An IP conflict occurs when two devices are assigned the same IP address.
60
What problem can occur when switch ports are in **different VLANs**?
Traffic will not communicate between VLANs without routing ## Footnote Devices in different VLANs cannot communicate unless routed.
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