cd psych test 2

Question 1

gametes

Answer 1

• sex cells from the mother and father that form a new cell at conception
• each of these cells contain only 23 chromosomes (half as many as the regular body)

Question 2

zygote

Answer 2

• a fertilized egg that forms when sperm and egg combine
• first part of pregnancy
• this will contain 46 chromosomes

Question 3

monozygotic twins

Answer 3

twins who are genetically identical, having come from one fertilized ovum (identical)

Question 4

dizygotic twins

Answer 4

twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by separate sperm at roughly the same time (fraternal)

Question 5

amniocentesis

Answer 5

sample of amniotic fluid tested for genetic defects

Question 6

chronic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 6

a test used to find genetic defects by taking samples of hairlike material that surrounds the embryo

Question 7

ultrasound

Answer 7

high-frequency sound waves used to see images of unborn baby

Question 8

genotype

Answer 8

the underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism

Question 9

phenotype

Answer 9

an observable trait; the trait that is actually seen

Question 10

teratogen

Answer 10

an environmental agent such as drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect

Question 11

vernix

Answer 11

thick, greasy substance that covers the newborn that helps the baby through the birth canal

Question 12

lanugo

Answer 12

newborns bodies are often covered in a fine, dark fuzz that soon disappears

Question 13

amniotic fluid

Answer 13

surrounds the fetus during development and acts as a cushion

Question 14

episiotomy

Answer 14

an incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass; it is made between the vagina and the rectum

Question 15

placenta

Answer 15

an organ formed during pregnancy that filters the food and oxygen from the mother to the fetus

Question 16

cesarean

Answer 16

a baby is delivered by c-section through an incision in the mother’s abdomen; c-section/caesarean section

Question 17

APGAR scale

Answer 17

a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns

5 basic qualities tested:
- appearance (color)
- pulse (heart rate)
- grimace (reflex irritability)
- activity (muscle tone)
- respiration (breathing)

Question 18

avg length and weight of newborn

Answer 18

20 in; 7.5 lbs

Question 19

pre-term/premature

Answer 19

neonates (newborns) born before 37 weeks

Question 20

late term/postmature

Answer 20

42 weeks or more; 2 weeks past due date

Question 21

reflex

Answer 21

an automatic response to a stimulation is known as a reflex; babies are born with a number of these to help them survive

Question 22

Babinski

Answer 22

the outside sole of a newborn’s foot is stroke and the newborn extends the toes upward and outward

BIG TOE REFLEX

Question 23

moro/startle

Answer 23

the newborn reacts to a sudden change in position by throwing the arms apart and extending the legs; usually stops around 3 mos.

Question 24

grasping

Answer 24

a newborn closes his hand tightly around an object that is placed in the palm

Question 25

rooting

Answer 25

when the baby's cheek is touched, the baby turns toward the touch; the newborn begins to find food when the mouth is touched

Question 26

tonic neck

Answer 26

baby is laid down on back, baby turns head to one side, assuming "fencer position", extends arms and legs on preferred side, flexes opposite limbs

Question 27

leboyer method

Answer 27

as soon as the baby is born they are placed on the mother's stomach in a pool of warm water; important to bonding

Question 28

bonding

Answer 28

close physical and emotional ties between parents and their children

Question 29

lamaze breathing

Answer 29

psychological techniques involving breathing and relaxation