What is a prokaryote?
Prokaryote - pro (before) Karyon (nucleus)
What is a eukaryote?
Eukaryote - Eu (true) karyon (nucleus)
What is the archaea - Woese (1970) in regards to bacteria, eukaryote?
- Factors in common to bacteria (small, no organelles, circular genome) - archaea
-Factors in common to eukaryotes (histones, RNA/DNA polymerases) - Factors unique (cell wall and membrane structures)
How much larger is eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes are 10x larger than prokaryotes creates problems with surface area to volume ratio.
What is a plasma membrane?
Plasma membrane (cell surface) is a selective barrier to allow exchange of metabolites into cell and outside.
What happens to volume and surface area when cells increase in size?
As cells increase in size, volume of cell increase, more metabolism needed for increased volume. But proportionally less surface area to exchange these increased metabolites.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
- controls passage of entry of substance
- site of cell communication via receptors
What is the function of the nucleus?
- stores DNA
- Nuclear pores allow mRNA and ribosomes to pass through
What is the function of the mitochondria?
- Carry out aerobic respiration to produce ATP
What is the function of lysosomes?
- contains digestive enzymes to break down pathogens, old organelles, cells and food molecules
What is the function of the ribosomes?
- site of protein synthesis
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- provide a large surface area for protein synthesis
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesis, store and transport lipids and carbohydrate
What is the function of golgi apparatus?
- modifies proteins
- sort, package and transport molecules around the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
- site of photosynthesis
- present at plants and algae
What is the function of cell vacuole?
- maintains cell structure
- act as a temporary energy store
- present in plants
