Nucleus
-stores genetic information of cell
-houses DNA that codes for all instructions that are required to build and operate cell
Cytoplasm
All cell contents outside cell but within plasma membrane
Plasma Membrane
-boundary between inside of cell and the outside of cell
-selective semipermeable membrane
-active transport requires energy and passive transport is molecules moving from high to low concentration
Nuclear Envelope
-double membrane with openings called nuclear pores
-DNA is uncoiled and diffuses when cell isn’t undergoing cell division
Nucleolus
-contains protein and RNA
Microvilli
increase surface area of membrane for increased transport
Cytoplasm
-has fluid called cytosol and contains organelles
-organelles are membrane bound structures which each of them containing a specific function
Ribosomes
-small structures floating in cytoplasm
-site of protein synthesis and composed of type of RNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Rough ER contains ribosomes and helps with protein synthesis
-Smooth ER has no ribosomes and involved with lipid biosynthesis
Golgi Apparatus
-packages and modifies new proteins
-produces vesicles for transport
Mitocondrion
-powerhouse of cell
-inner membrane contains structures called cristae
-energy production for cell
Centrioles
-paired rod shaped organelles that are close to nucleus
-direct formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
-form basis for cell projections called cilia and flagella
Mitosis
nuclear cell division
Cytokinesis
cytoplasmic division
Prophase
-first phase of mitosis
-nuclear envelope breaks down and DNA becomes chromosomes
-centrioles separate to opposite poles forming miotic spindle
Metaphase
-chromosomes line up in center of cell
-chromosomes now contain two duplicate copies called chromatids and joined at centromere
Anaphase
-chromatids split and each copy move to opposite pole
-daughter cell gets full copy of original DNA
Telophase
-new nuclear membrane forms around each copy of daughter DNA
-chromosomes uncoil and diffuse
Cytokinesis
-happens at same time as telophase
-ring of microfilaments forms at cleavage furrow and separates two daughter cells
