Cell Cycle Test

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

highly organzised DNA and proteins

Question 2

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 2

Pair of chromosomes made up of two homologs. They have corresponding DNA sequences and come from separate parents; one homolog comes from the mother and the other comes from the father (line up during meiosis)

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

loosely organized DNA and proteins

Question 4

nucleosome

Answer 4

DNA wrapped around histones

Question 5

histon

Answer 5

DNA binding proteins

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

connects the 2 chromatids

Question 7

Cell cycle

Answer 7

• Sequence of events in a cell’s life

- Includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Question 8

binary fission

Answer 8

• method by which bacteria reproduces

- circular DNA is replicated- cell splits in 2 identical cells, each contains an exact copy of the original cell’s DNA

Question 9

interphase

Answer 9

Includes G1, G2, and S stages:
G1- organelles are duplicated
S (synthesis)- DNA is replicated
G2- cell prepares for cell division

Question 10

Cell cycle control

Answer 10

cells control where of when it undergos cell division

Question 11

cancer

Answer 11

disease caused by normal cells changing so they grow in an uncontrollable way

Question 12

cytokinesis

Answer 12

• cytoplasm begins to pinch in
• edges of cell pinches and cytoplasm divides
• two identical cells are produced

Question 13

prophase

Answer 13

• centrioles form and begin moving to opposite poles of the cell
• nuclear envelope begins to break down
• chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

Question 14

metaphase

Answer 14

• spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the chromosomes

- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 15

anaphase

Answer 15

• chromosome move toward opposite poles of the cell

- spindle fibers begin to shorten and split the chromosomes at the centromere

Question 16

telophase

Answer 16

• spindle fibers disappear
• 2 nuclear envelopes reappear
• chromosomes are at opposite poles

Question 17

cell plate

Answer 17

a double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis

Question 18

cleavage furrow

Answer 18

the first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate

Question 19

tumor

Answer 19

uncontrolled lump of growth

Question 20

benign tumor

Answer 20

a tumor that does not metastasize

Question 21

malignant tumor

Answer 21

a tumor that does metastasize

Question 22

metasasis

Answer 22

the spread of cancer to a new part of the body

Question 23

anchorage-dependence

Answer 23

cells must be in contact with an anchor (tissue within the body) to divide

Question 24

density-dependence inhibition

Answer 24

cell stops dividing when the area becomes too dense