Cell Differentation

Question 1

Define cell differentiation?

Answer 1

The process by which cells become specialised for different functions. All cells contain the same genes but different genes are switched on and off in each of the specialised cells. Genes turned on will make particular sections of mRNA and particular proteins.

Question 2

Define stem cells?

Answer 2

Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate to form any specialised cell.

Question 3

How do cells become differentiated?

Answer 3

The frequency of particular organelles and the shape of cells.

Question 4

How has cell differentiation occurred?

Answer 4

Through evolution.

Question 5

Through cell differentiation some cell functions have been lost, this occurs how?

Answer 5

• chemicals cause some genes to become activated
• mRNA is only transcribed from active genes
• translated into proteins, the protein modify cells
• result in a specific function so a specific cell type

Question 6

Define cells?

Answer 6

Basic structural unit that make up all living organisms differentiated and specialised for a particular reason e.g. neurones, muscle fibres.

Question 7

Define tissues?

Answer 7

A group of specialised cells joined and working together to carry out a certain function e.g xylem.

Question 8

Define organs?

Answer 8

A group of tissues organised together to form a discrete structure to carry out a certain functions e.g. heart

Question 9

Define organ system?

Answer 9

Organs work together as a single unit e.g. circulatory system.