Cell Differentiation + Apoptosis

Question 1

process by which a cell assumes specialized structure and functions

Answer 1

differentiation

Question 2

blank organisms do not undergo differentiation

Answer 2

single cell

Question 3

these demonstrate the greatest number of examples of differentiation

Answer 3

embryos

Question 4

cell differentiation also occurs in the adult which is called blank

Answer 4

maturation

Question 5

example of maturation is an osteoblast turning into a blank

Answer 5

osteocyte

Question 6

undifferentiated cells are aka blank or blank

Answer 6

stem cells, blast

Question 7

four days old embryo that is a ball of cells

Answer 7

morula

Question 8

a morula is not yet blank

Answer 8

differentiated

Question 9

early embryo is a three layer blank

Answer 9

germ disk

Question 10

destruction and death of a cell caused by genetic programming

Answer 10

apoptosis

Question 11

apoptosis is a blank process conducted by the cell that requires blank

Answer 11

active, energy

Question 12

does apoptosis injure surrounding cells?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

cell death due to external circumstances and can damage surrounding cells

Answer 13

necrosis

Question 14

necrosis does not use its own blank

Answer 14

energy

Question 15

apoptosis occurs during this time

Answer 15

entire lifespan

Question 16

example of apoptosis in human

Answer 16

webbing that goes away between fingers and toes

Question 17

rudimentary tail of the embryo is an extension of blank

Answer 17

vertebral column

Question 18

surplus of unneeded reserve blast cells undergo blank

Answer 18

apoptosis

Question 19

thymus makes the most blank in the body

Answer 19

lymphocytes

Question 20

callus of skin is the blank layer

Answer 20

cornified

Question 21

healthy hair is due to secretions of blank

Answer 21

sebaceous gland

Question 22

all cells have a set of enzymes called blank which are normally present in an inactive form

Answer 22

caspases

Question 23

caspases initiate blank when activated

Answer 23

apoptosis

Question 24

caspases are an example of amplification of action because one caspase being activated triggers blank

Answer 24

a cascade of other caspases

Question 25

apoptosed cells are removed by blank

Answer 25

phagocytosis

Question 26

blood cells are derived in the blank

Answer 26

bone marrow

Question 27

stem cell of blood cells

Answer 27

hemopoietic stem cell

Question 28

two stages in development of RBC after hemopoietic stage

Answer 28

BFU-E, CFU-E (Burst/colony forming unit - erythroid)

Question 29

hemopoietic stem cell is recognized by a cell surface marker called

Answer 29

cd34

Question 30

level of erythrocytic differentiation which is the youngest precursor ofRBC that can be seen by microscopy

Answer 30

pronormoblast

Question 31

any nucleated cell that is identifiable by routine staining that is recognized as a precursor of the RBC

Answer 31

normoblast

Question 32

young large round cell with a large round nucleus.

Answer 32

pronormoblast

Question 33

pronormoblast nucleus has a very delicate blank pattern and stains lightly

Answer 33

chromatin

Question 34

common organelle that resists staining

Answer 34

golgi

Question 35

hemoglobin is basophilic or acidophilic

Answer 35

acidophilic

Question 36

RBC where traces of RNA can be seen

Answer 36

polychromatic erythrocytes (immature RBC)

Question 37

polychromatic erythrocytes are only released into circulation during blank

Answer 37

blood loss

Question 38

RBC usually live for blank days

Answer 38

100

Question 39

we replace blank percent of RBCs per day

Answer 39

1%

Question 40

first test tube baby

Answer 40

joy

Question 41

rbc stages

Answer 41

pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte