Gene
A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a polypeptide
Allele
A form / version of a gene
Chromosome
A length of supercoiled DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Chromatin
A length of loosely coiled DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Centromere
A section of DNA that joins sister chromatids together
Locus
The location of a gene on a chromosome
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that are identical in size and shape and carry the same genes in the same loci
Haploid
Containing one set of chromosomes
Diploid
Containing two sets of chromosomes