Cell Inheritance

Question 1

life cycle in a diploid organism

Answer 1

• fertilization
• zygote
• embryo
• individual
• meiosis
• gametes

Question 2

life cycle in the germ line

Answer 2

• cell cycle with mitosis
• cell cycle with meiosis
• cell cycle with cell fusion

Question 3

• one chromosome only
• one copy of each gene
• chromosome is “naked”

Answer 3

prokaryotes

Question 4

proteins associated with DNA

Answer 4

histones

Question 5

location of DNA material in prokaryotes

Answer 5

nucleoid

Question 6

eukaryotic chromosomes are _____ during interphase while _____ during mitosis

Answer 6

• coiled
• supercoiled1\

Question 7

chromosome that determine sex

Answer 7

sex chromosomes

Question 8

chromosome that do not determine sex

Answer 8

autosomes

Question 9

23rd pair or the 45th and 46th chromosome determine ______

Answer 9

gender

Question 10

the other 44 chromosomes that carry non-sex-related genes only

Answer 10

autosomes

Question 11

large chromosome with a centromere in the middle

Answer 11

X chromosome

Question 12

small chromosome with a centromere near the top

Answer 12

Y chromosome

Question 13

fundamental process

Answer 13

cell division

Question 14

why is cell division necessary?

Answer 14

• all cells came from pre-existing cells
• to replace worn out cells
• for growth
• for production of differentiated cells

Question 15

functional components of testis

Answer 15

• seminiferous tubules
• interstitial components

Question 16

prokaryotes divide by

Answer 16

fusion

Question 17

eukaryotes divide through different ____

Answer 17

stages

Question 18

where oogenesis occurs

Answer 18

ovary

Question 19

results in genetically identical eukaryotic cells

Answer 19

mitosis

Question 20

results in genetically different cells

Answer 20

meiosis

Question 21

basis for asexual reproduction

Answer 21

mitosis

Question 22

basis for sexual reproduction

Answer 22

meiosis and fertilization

Question 23

period of preparation

Answer 23

interphase

Question 24

why is interphase not a resting place

Answer 24

growth and DNA synthesis occurs in this phase

Question 25

cell cycle is controlled and _____

Answer 25

well-replicated

Question 26

cell growth and normal functions

Answer 26

Gap 1

Question 27

copies DNA

Answer 27

Gap 2

Question 28

includes division of the cell nucleus and division of cell cytoplasm

Answer 28

mitosis

Question 29

refers to the division of cell nucleus

Answer 29

mitosis

Question 30

refers to the division of cell cytoplasm

Answer 30

cytokinesis

Question 31

chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form

Answer 31

prophase

Question 32

- chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell - spindle fibers connect the centromere of each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell

Answer 32

mitosis

Question 33

- separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell and become individual chromosomes

Answer 33

anaphase

Question 34

cell division that produced two identical daughter cells

Answer 34

mitosis

Question 35

haploid daughter cells

Answer 35

meiosis

Question 36

diploid daughter cells

Answer 36

mitosis

Question 37

meiosis occurs in the _____ since this cell division is for the creation of gametes or sex cells

Answer 37

gonads

Question 38

where spermatogenesis occurs

Answer 38

testis

Question 39

reductional division

Answer 39

meiosis 1

Question 40

interphase 1 is similar to _____, and nucleus and nucleolus are visible

Answer 40

interphase in mitosis

Question 41

longest in metaphase I: - pairing of homologous chromosomes - synapsis - crossing over

Answer 41

prophase 1

Question 42

site of crossing over

Answer 42

chiasmata

Question 43

shortest phase in metaphase I: leads to variation

Answer 43

metaphase 1

Question 44

similar to mitosis

Answer 44

meiosis II

Question 45

characteristics of the genetic material (S-R-T-M)

Answer 45

- stable - replicable - translatable - mutable

Question 46

expression of genetic code

Answer 46

- DNA replication - transcription - messenger RNA - ribosome - translation - protein

Question 47

inheritance pattern in animals

Answer 47

- medelian genetics - non-mendelian genetics

Question 48

- segregation - complete dominance - independent assortment

Answer 48

mendelian genetics

Question 49

- incomplete dominance - co-dominance

Answer 49

non-mendelian genetics

Question 50

heritable units that are passed on from parents to offspring

Answer 50

genes

Question 51

alternative forms of the same gene found in chromosomes

Answer 51

alleles

Question 52

dominant =

Answer 52

fully expressed

Question 53

no noticeable effect in the presence of the dominant allele

Answer 53

recessive

Question 54

3 genotype

Answer 54

- homozygous dominant - heterozygous dominant - homozygous recessive

Question 55

site where an allele is found

Answer 55

locus

Question 56

father of genetics

Answer 56

gregor mendell

Question 57

parental generation in a breeding experiment

Answer 57

parental (P1) generation

Question 58

first generation of offspring

Answer 58

F1 generation

Question 59

second generation of offspring

Answer 59

F2 generation

Question 60

visual representation of Mendelian inheritance

Answer 60

punnet square

Question 61

how to make a punnet square

Answer 61

- make a grid - fill in the grid - fill in the offspring

Question 62

how many box are needed if either parent is homozygous [shortcut]

Answer 62

1

Question 63

mendel's principles

Answer 63

- principle of dominance - principle of segregation - independent assortment

Question 64

states that one allele was dominant over the other

Answer 64

principle of dominance

Question 65

states that pairs of hereditary factors become separated when gametes are formed

Answer 65

principle of segregation

Question 66

states that members of one gene pair segregate independently from the other gene pairs during gamete formation

Answer 66

independent assortment

Question 67

states that "both alleles exert an effect and jointly produce an intermediate phenotype"

Answer 67

incomplete dominance

Question 68

"when both alleles show dominance, alleles of a gene pair in a herterozygote are expressed to an equal degree within an organism

Answer 68

co-dominance

Question 69

more than 2 alleles

Answer 69

multiple alleles