Cell Processes - 2.4

Question 1

How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell?

Answer 1

46 Chromosomes, 23 Pairs

Question 2

Why do cells undergo cell division? [Hint; 4 Answers]

Answer 2

1. Cell replacement for damaged cells
2. Asexual reproduction
3. Development and growth
4. Increase Sa:V Ratio

Question 3

The 4 stages of mitosis

Answer 3

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Question 4

What is the purpose of DNA Replication?

Answer 4

To replicate DNA to produce an exact copy of a chromosome for cell division

Question 5

The enzyme that unzips the DNA strand in DNA replication

Answer 5

DNA Helicase

Question 6

The enzyme that adds and pairs new nucleotides in DNA replication

Answer 6

DNA Polymerase

Question 7

DNA Replication is?

Answer 7

Semi-Conservative, because half of each strand contains the original DNA

Question 8

Photosynthesis equation {Chemical]

Answer 8

sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O ——–> C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll

Question 9

Photosynthesis equation [Word}

Answer 9

sunlight
carbon dioxide + water ———–> glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll

Question 10

Light Dependent Phase

Answer 10

Chlorophyll absorbs the energy of light, which then splits water into H2 and O2. H2 is carried to the stroma by the carrier NAPD and oxygen is released as a by product.

Question 11

Where does the light dependent phase take place?

Answer 11

The thylakoid

Question 12

Light Independent Phase [Calvin Cycle}

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide is combined with H2 in a series of reactions to make glucose

Question 13

Where does the light independent phase take place?

Answer 13

The stroma

Question 14

Aspects of light that influence the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 14

1. Light Intensity - how bright/close the light is
2. Wavelength - red or blue wavelengths work best
3. Daylength - how long the light/sun is present

Question 15

Respiration equation [Chemical]

Answer 15

enzymes

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ———> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP

Question 16

ATP [Adenosine Tri-Phosphate]

Answer 16

A universal energy carrier that gives cells their energy

The primary product of respiration

Question 17

The 4 stages of Aerobic Respiration

Answer 17

1. Glycolosis
2. Acetyl Formation
3. Krebs Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain

Question 18

Glycolysis

Answer 18

The 6 carbon in glucose is converted to 3C pyruvate in the cytoplasm.

Produces 2 ATP

Question 19

Acetyl Formation

Answer 19

3C pyruvate is converted to 2C acetyl in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 20

Krebs Cycle

Answer 20

2C acetyl is converted to CO2 and H2 in a series of reactions in the matrix of the mitochondria.

2 ATP Produced

Question 21

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 21

H2 combines with O2 in the matrix/cristae to make H2O

34 ATP Produced

Question 22

Product Of Anaerobic Respiration [Both Animals and Plant]

Answer 22

Plants; Ethanol alcohol + CO2

Animals; Lactic Acid

Question 23

Chlorophyll

Answer 23

A pigment that is found in the thylakoids of chloroplast. It absorbs and stores light (solar energy) to use for photosynthesis.

Question 24

Prophase

Answer 24

The membrane around the nucleus disappears

Question 25

Metaphase

Answer 25

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 26

Anaphase

Answer 26

One chromosome of each pair is pulled to each end of the cell

Question 27

Telophase

Answer 27

Parent cell starts splitting into two daughter cells

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down the concentration gradient. (Passive Transport)

Question 29

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 29

The passive transport of molecules or ions across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane proteins. eg. glucose

Question 30

Osmosis

Answer 30

The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane. (Passive Transport)

Question 31

Osmoregulation

Answer 31

Process of controlling the amount of water in a cell, aiming to reach equilibrium

Question 32

Phagocytosis

Answer 32

When the cell engulfs solid material, "cell eating", through moving its cell membrane (Active Transport)

Question 33

Pinocytosis

Answer 33

When the cell engulfs liquid material, "cell drinking", using its cell membrane (Active Transport).

Question 34

Ion Pumps

Answer 34

Exchanging one ion for another across the cell membrane (Active Transport)

Question 35

Enzymes

Answer 35

catalysts that speed up reactions without being changed by the reaction itself

Question 36

Exocytosis

Answer 36

material moving out of a cell

Question 37

endocytosis

Answer 37

material moving into a cell