How do sexual and asexual reproduction of cells differ?
(Parents, genetic diversity, speed, offspring number, best enviroment)
Asexual: One parent produces genetically identical offspring. Reproduction is fast and a lot of offsping is produced. This kind of reproduction does best in stable enviroments.
Sexual: Two parents produce genetically diverse offspring. Reproduction is slow and usually produces few offspring. This kind of reproduction does best in changing enviroments.
Why is there a limit to how large an individual cell can grow?
Yes. The larger it grows, the smaller the ratio of volume to surface area. When a cell gets too big it has these two problems:
- Information Crisis: too many demands placed on DNA
- Traffic Problems: Volume grows too fast relative to surface area. Material exchange is insufficient.
What changes occur to the ratio of surface area to volume as a cell grows?
The ratio decreases as the cell increases
What are the steps of the cell cycle and whar occurs during each step?
(Do not state steps of mitosis)
- Interphase: The cell increases in size to prepare for cell division and the DNA is copyed. Cell spends most time on this stage.
- Mitosis: Cell goes through steps to reproduce asexually
-Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm separates and forms two identical cells. This finishes reproduction and forms two identical cells.
What is a “Chromosome”?
A structure packed with DNA
Eukaryotic cell’s DNA is spread between chromosomes. Prokaryotic cell’s DNA is packed into one circular chromosome.
What is a “Chromatid/sister chromatids”?
Chromatid: 1 copy of the chromosome’s DNA
Sister Chromatids: Two chromosomes held together at the centromere
(Chromosome: 1 structure made of DNA
What is a “Centriole”?
The thing that spindle fibers form at
What are the phases of mitosis and what are the primary events of each?
6 Phases, not all necessarily mitosis
- Interphase: Cell increases in size to prepare for cell division and DNA is copyed. Cell spends most time in this stage
- Prophase: Chromosomes appear, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers begin to appear
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid
- Anaphase: Chromatids separate and move to oppisite sides of the cell
- Telophase: Mitosis ends, two nuclei are formed
- Chytokinesis: Cytoplasm Separates abd forms two identical cells
What is a “Spindle fiber”?
A structure formed at the centriole that moves the genetic info where it needs to go during metosis
How is the cell cycle regulated (internal v. external regulators)?
- Internal Regulators: Respond to events inside the cell and only let cell cycle proceed when certain steps have already happened
- External Regulators: respond to events outside the cell and directs cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle
What is “Growth Factor”?
Wound healing and embronic development
What is “Cyclin”?
Proteins that regulate (control) the cell
What is “Apoptosis”?
A process of programed cell death
What is “cancer”?
Uncontrolled cell growth
What is a “tumor”?
A mass of canser cells
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2.3 Carbon Compounds30
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Properties Of Water Vocab32
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8.1 And 8.336
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration25
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Cell Reproduction Study Guide15
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Meiosis12
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Gregor Mendel and Inheritance (12.1)13
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Mendel's Principles and Patterns of Inheritance (12.2-12.3)10
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RNA and Protein Production (Unit 6 Test)17
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DNA and RNA Structure and Types (Unit 6 Test)9
