cell signalling

Question 1

what is cell communication? and its importance

Answer 1

• occurs via signalling
• required to maintain life

Question 2

what is autocrine signal ?

Answer 2

• signalling by the same cell

Question 3

what is paracrine signal?

Answer 3

• signalling by nearby cells through cytokines

Question 4

what are cytokines?

Answer 4

any substance secreted by certain cells of immune system and have an effect on other cells

Question 5

what is endocrine signal?

Answer 5

• signalling from one part of the body to another via hormones

Question 6

what is synapse signal?

Answer 6

• neurotransmitters released from a nerve ending diffusing to receptors

Question 7

what are forms of cell signals ?

Answer 7

• hormones, light, heat, water, chemical elements

Question 8

what are functions of cell signalling?

Answer 8

• warn off pathogens/ infection
• alter metabolic processes
• switch on/ off feedback loops

Question 9

what must a signal be to move through a cell membrane ?

Answer 9

• lipid soluble
• steroid, thyroid, oestrogens

Question 10

what are the responses from cell signalling?

Answer 10

• changes metabolism of cell
• changes electrical charge across membrane
• change in gene expression