cell strcuture

Question 1

structure and function of the nucleus

Answer 1

• nuclear envelope
• nuclear pore
• chromatin condensed
• cisternae
• chromosome territories
• contains genetic information
• site for rna synthesis

Question 2

what is the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

• nuclear envelope
• nuclear pore
• vesicles
• lipid synthesis
• detoxification (liver cells)
• calcium storage (muscle cells)
• synthesis of proteins

Question 3

what is the structure and function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 3

• further processing secreted proteins
• sorts proteins and directs localisation
• vesicles allow communication
• lysosome formation

Question 4

what are lysosome

Answer 4

• membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes called hydrolases
• digest materials by phagocytosis
• endocytosis
• ## autophagy

Question 5

what are vacuoles

Answer 5

• found in plant cells
• used for storage of fluid and nutrients and waste products

Question 6

what is endomembrane components

Answer 6

• these include
• nuclear envelope
• endoplasmic reticulum rough and smoothn
• golgi apparatus
• transport vesicles
• lysosome
• vacuole

these structure help to modify package and transport lipids and proteins

Question 7

what is the structure and function of peroxisomes

Answer 7

• lipid bi layer
• plasma membrane
• crystalline core

they catalyse the reaction to convert hydrogen peroxide into water + oxygen
they are in the liver and kidney

Question 8

what is the structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 8

• double membrane bound organelles
• has a matrix, cristae, dna, ribosomes, granules, and atp synthesis particles
• generates energy by creating atp source of chemical energy
• visible unless stained
• has its own dna

Question 9

what is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 9

• divides the cells
• protects the cells
• controls movement of molecules
• permits cells recognictopn
• provides communication with surrounding cells

Question 10

the organelles and disease

Answer 10

nucleus - mutations occur

golgi apparatus - alzheimer’s disease- beta amyloid peptidesz activates enzymes that modify golgi structural protein neurones
parkinson’s disease

lysosomal storage disease - autosomal recessive disease leadin to insufficient GAA enzymes responsible for degrading glycogen