Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 1

• A double membrane with nuclear pores for movement of small molecules.
• It protects the DNA from damage.
• Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 2

What is a vesicle?

Answer 2

A fluid filled sac that transports substances around the cell

Question 3

What are the five functions of the nucleus?

Answer 3

• Control protein synthesis
• Stores genetic information as DNA
• Cell division
• Metabolism
• Cell differentiation

Question 4

What is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 4

• Contains nucleoplasm that contains chromatin
• Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores

Question 5

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

Answer 5

Consists of RNA and protein
- Synthesises ribosomes

Question 6

What is the function of the RER?

Answer 6

• Protein synthesis
• Transport of proteins and glycoproteins

Question 7

What is the function of SER?

Answer 7

• Site of synthesis, transportation and storage of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 8

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 8

• Protein and triglyceride modification which is then repackaged into secretory vesicles for exocytosis
• Produces secretory enzymes and carbohydrates
• Forms lysosomes

Question 9

What is a lysosome?

Answer 9

A membrane bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes

Question 10

What are cristae?

Answer 10

Folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Question 11

What is the matrix?

Answer 11

The liquid found in mitochondria

Question 12

What is the function of the centrioles?

Answer 12

• Assembly and organisation of spindle fibres during cell division

Question 13

What is the primary function of cilia and flagella?

Answer 13

To provide movement for single celled organisms

Question 14

What is the internal structure of cilia and flagella?

Answer 14

9 pairs of microtubules surrounding 2 microtubules called the 9 + 2 arrangement.

Question 15

What are microfilaments made up of?

Answer 15

• Actin filaments
• Microtubules
• Tubulin
• Intermediate filaments

Question 16

Where are B/ T cells produced?

Where do B/T cells mature?

Answer 16

• Bone marrow
• Bone marrow/Thymus