cell structure

Question 1

function of lysosomes

Answer 1

hydrolyse materials

Question 2

structure of golgi

Answer 2

1. series of membrane bound flattened sacs (cisternae) 2. surrounded by vesicles

Question 3

function of vesicles

Answer 3

transport different substances around cell

Question 4

function of ribosomes

Answer 4

site of proteinsynthesis

Question 5

structure of cell wall

Answer 5

plants - cellulose bacteria - peptidoglycan fungi - chitin

Question 6

structure of vesicles

Answer 6

1. single membrane bound sacs 2. hollow

Question 7

function of mitochondria

Answer 7

1. site of aerobic respiration and ATP production 2. cristae - large SA for attachment of enzymes used in aerobic respiration 3. matrix - contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

Question 8

function of cell wall

Answer 8

1. provide strong wall for strength and support 2. prevent cell from bursting when turgid

Question 9

stages of division of labour

Answer 9

1. information for a protein makes copy of gene on mRNA molecule 2. mRNA passes out nucleus via nuclear pores in nuclear envelope 3. mRNA binds to ribosome on RER - begins production of protein 4. protein packaged into vesicle 5. vesicle fuses with membrane of golgi, transporting it inside golgi 6. golgi modifies protein by addition of carbohydrates 7. packaged into vesicle 8. vesicle fuses with cell surface membrane 9. protein secreted by exocytosis

Question 10

function of golgi

Answer 10

1. forms glycoproteins 2. transports, modifies and stores lipids and proteins 3. forms lysosomes

Question 11

structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

1. series of membrane bound flattened sacs (cisternae) 2. continuous with outer membrane of nucleus

Question 12

structure of ribosomes

Answer 12

1. no membrane 2. 2 subunits (large and small) - contain rRNA and proteins

Question 13

structure of mitochondria

Answer 13

1. sperical/sausage shaped 2. double membrane 3. inner membrane folded into cristae 4. matrix - make up remainder

Question 14

structure of nucleus

Answer 14

1. nuclear envelope - double membrane surrounding nucleus 2. nuclear pores - allow passage of larger molecules (mRNA out of nucleus) 3. nucleoplasm - jelly like material making up bulk of nucleus 4. nucleolus - small, dense spherical region within nucleoplasm 5. chromosomes - protein-bound, linear DNA

Question 15

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates

Question 16

structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

1. series of membrane bound flattened sacs (cisternae) 2. continuous with outer membrane of nucleus 3. has ribsomes on outer surface

Question 17

function of nucleus

Answer 17

1. protect genetic information 2. control cell’s activities - produces mRNA and tRNA 3. nucleolus makes rRNA and ribsosomes

Question 18

function of chloroplasts

Answer 18

1. site of photosynthesis 2. chlorophyll involved in first stage of photosynthesis 3. stroma contains enzymes needed for later stages of photosynthesis

Question 19

structure of lysosomes

Answer 19

1. spherical sacs 2. single membrane 3. contain powerful digestive enzymes

Question 20

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

1. large SA for synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins 2. provides pathway for transport of proteins through cell

Question 21

structure of chloroplasts

Answer 21

1. double membrane (inner membrane folds) 2. thylakoids containing chlorophyll