Cell structure Flashcards

Question

Chromosome (Prokaryotes)

Answer 1

Typically a single, circular chromosome located in a region called the nucleoid. This DNA molecule is associated with proteins for structural support. Some prokaryotes also possess smaller, circular DNA molecules called plasmids.

Answer 2

Cytoplasm: Encompasses all the cellular contents within the plasma membrane, including the cytosol and suspended components.

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton: Composed of protein filaments, it helps maintain cell shape and plays a role in cell division. Prokaryotes possess a basic cytoskeleton structure

Answer 4

Plasma Membrane Phospholipids: Bacteria: Utilize fatty acids bound to glycerol. Archaea: Use branched isoprenoid chains bound to glycerol

Answer 5

Cell Wall: Most prokaryotes have a rigid cell wall external to the plasma membrane, providing structural support and protection. In bacteria, it is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, and some may have an outer membrane

Answer 6

Some photosynthetic prokaryotes fold parts of their plasma membrane inward to create extra internal surfaces that hold light-capturing pigments, allowing them to absorb more sunlight and produce more chemical energy.

Answer 7

Certain bacteria may have membrane-bound compartments for specific functions, such as storing ions or concentrating enzymes

Answer 8

External Structures: Flagella: Long, rotating filaments used for cellular propulsion. Fimbriae: Needle-like projections that aid in attachment to surfaces or other cells

Answer 9

Prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells, typically ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 μm in diameter, while eukaryotes range from 10 to 100 μm. This smaller size is advantageous due to: Favorable Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio: Allows for more efficient movement of materials into and out of the cell. Absence of Internal Transport Modifications: Prokaryotes lack the complex internal transport systems found in eukaryotes.

Answer 10

The size of all cells is limited by the relationship between surface area and volume

Answer 11

Eukaryotic cells, which comprise protists, fungi, plants, and animals, are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Answer 12

Organelles are little sections inside a cell that have their own membranes, kind of like rooms inside a house. They help the cell work better in a few ways Separation: Some chemical reactions would mess each other up, so the cell keeps them in different “rooms.” Efficiency: By putting the right materials together in one place, reactions happen faster and easier. More space to work: The extra membranes inside the cell give more area for important processes, which lets cells grow bigger and still function properly.

Answer 13

Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (rough ER and Smooth ER) Golgi Apparatus (cis face trans face) Lysosomes Vacuoles Peroxisomes Mitochondria Chloroplasts Endosymbiosis Theory Cytoskeleton Eukaryotic cell wall

Answer 14

A large, highly organized, membrane-bound compartment The cell keeps DNA extra safe by locking it inside a two layered barrier, but still lets information travel through controlled doors. contains nucleoplasm, an aqueous fluid nucleolus: site of rna syntheisis

Answer 15

Think of this as a double-layered wall that goes all the way around the nucleus Two Layers: It is made of two separate membranes (an inner and an outer one). Tiny Doors: It has small holes called nuclear pores. These let important things, like instructions, go in and out of the nucleus.

Answer 16

If the envelope is the wall, the lamina is the sturdy net that holds it up.

Cell structure Flashcards

(44 cards)