Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the magnification of the electron microscope?

Answer 1

250,000 +

Question 2

Describe the electron microscope.

Answer 2

• Shows ultrastructure
• Produces very clear images
• Uses electrons instead of light

Question 3

How many types of electron microscope are they?

Answer 3

Two

Question 4

What does the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) show?

Answer 4

Shows internal structures.

Question 5

What does the scanning electron microscope (SEM) show?

Answer 5

Shows the surface.

Question 6

What is ultrastructure?

Answer 6

Is the fine detail of a cell as seen with an electron microscope.

Question 7

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 7

• Jelly like liquid
• Surrounds the nucleus
• Organelles eg. mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes are suspended in the cytoplasm.
• Most reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm.

Question 8

What is protoplasm?

Answer 8

The cytoplasm + the nucleus

Question 9

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

To supply energy to the cell

Question 10

Where does respiration take place in the cell?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

What part of the mitochondria produce energy?

Answer 11

The inner membranes, the infoldings

Question 12

Does the number of folds affect the amount of energy produced in mitochondria?

Answer 12

• Yes

- The more folds a mitochondrion has, the more energy it produces.

Question 13

What are ribosomes?

Answer 13

• Tiny, bead like structures

- Made of RNA and Protein

Question 14

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 14

To make proteins

Question 15

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 15

• Green structures

- Contain the green pigment chlorophyll

Question 16

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 16

• To facilitate photosynthesis

- Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts.

Question 17

What cells have cell walls?

Answer 17

Any plant cell

Question 18

Describe cell walls.

Answer 18

• The cell wall is rigid and give plant cells a very defined shape
• Composed of cellulose
• Permeable

Question 19

What does permeable mean?

Answer 19

All molecules can pass in through cell walls

Question 20

What is the function of cell walls?

Answer 20

To support and strengthen the cell

Question 21

What are vacuoles?

Answer 21

Are membrane-bound sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 22

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 22

To provide structural support, as well as serving functions such as storage, waste disposal, protection and growth

Question 23

Do plant cells have large vacuoles?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 24

Have membrane enclosed nucleus and cell organelles

eg. plant and animal cells

Question 25

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 25

- Do not have an nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles | - Single celled, eg. bacteria

Question 26

What are cell membranes made up of?

Answer 26

Phospholipids and proteins.

Question 27

Name four functions of cell membranes.

Answer 27

1. Separate the cell organelles and cytoplasm form the outside 2. Controls what enters and leaves the cell 3. Membranes give support to the cell 4. Membranes recognise molecules that touch them.

Question 28

Where is the nucleus located?

Answer 28

In the centre of the cell

Question 29

What is the nucleus?

Answer 29

The control of the cell

Question 30

What do nuclear pores do?

Answer 30

1. Control entry and exit of molecules in and out of the nucleus 2. Allows messenger RNA (mRNA) to pass in and out of the nucleus.

Question 31

Definition of protoplasm.

Answer 31

Is all the living parts of the cell

Question 32

Definition of cytoplasm.

Answer 32

Is the living material in a cell outside the nucleus

Question 33

What is chromatin?

Answer 33

Name given to chromosomes when they are elongated and not dividing

Question 34

Name some distances between plant and animal cells.

Answer 34

``` Plant Cells -Have a cell wall -Have a large vacuole -Have chloroplasts Animal Cells -Do not have a cell wall -Do not have a large vacuole -Do not have chloroplasts ```