Cell Structure

Question 1

Structure + Function of Cell surface membrane

Answer 1

Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and a protein and is partially permeable and it controls the entry + exit of substances

Question 2

Structure + Function of the Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains chromosomes with one or more nucleoli and nuclear pores. It controls the cell activities. The nucleolus produces ribosomes and nuclear pores control the movement of substances

Question 3

Structure + Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R + R.E.R)

Answer 3

The R.E.R is the network of membranes covered in ribosomes and transports proteins around the cell whilst the S.E.R is a network of membranes which makes and transports lipids

Question 4

Structure + Function of Ribosomes

Answer 4

No membrane + made up of RNA + Proteins and is in charge of protein synthesis

Question 5

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells dont

Answer 5

• Chloroplasts- Permanent vacuole - Cellulose cell wall

Question 6

What are fungi like?

Answer 6

• No chloroplasts- Cell wall made of chitin

Question 7

What name is given to the green substance within chloroplasts?

Answer 7

Chlorophyll

Question 8

How many membranes surround a chloroplast?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

In which organelle would you find a thylakoid membrane and lamella?

Answer 9

Chloroplast

Question 10

What is the function of lamellae within chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Links the grana together

Question 11

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?

Answer 11

• Chloroplasts - Vacuoles - Cell wall- Plasmids

Question 12

The structure that is partially permeable is…

Answer 12

Cell membrane

Question 13

In which part of a cell does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

The genetic material present in HIV is

Answer 14

Single stranded RNA

Question 15

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 15

• A group of fluid filled sacs- Modifies and packages proteins and lipids- Puts them into vesicles for transport - Makes lysosomes

Question 16

What is the function of a lysosome?

Answer 16

• Contains digestive enzymes (Lysozomal enzymes/ lysozomes)- Digestive enzymes used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles

Question 17

What is the structure of a mitochondria?

Answer 17

• Outer membrane- Folded inner membrane (cristae)- Inner matrix

Question 18

What is the structure of a chloroplast?

Answer 18

• Double membrane- Starch grains- Stroma- Thylakoids- Grana (stacks of thylakoids)- Lamellae (joins grana together)

Question 19

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 19

• Site of photosynthesis- Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy

Question 20

What is the structure of a cell wall?

Answer 20

• Strong- Plants/algae: cellulose- Fungi: chitin- Bacteria: meurin

Question 21

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 21

• Prevents cell from changing shape or bursting

Question 22

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 22

Keeps cells turgid

Question 23

What is the structure + function of a ribosome?

Answer 23

• Very small
• Makes proteins
• Made of proteins and RNA
• Often attached to R.E.R

Question 24

What organelles can be found in prokaryotes?

Answer 24

• Loop of DNA- Cytoplasm- Small ribosomes- Cell membrane- Cell wall- Capsule- Flagella- Plasmids

Question 25

Give the structure and function of the cell wall in a prokaryote?

Answer 25

Used for strength and support and in bacteria is made from murin (a glycoprotein)

Question 26

Give the structure and function of the flagella in a prokaryote?

Answer 26

Used for movement by rotating

Question 27

What do viruses have?

Answer 27

- Genetic material (RNA or DNA)- A capsid- Attachment proteins

Question 28

What type of cells are viruses and why?

Answer 28

They are acellular because they have no cell

Question 29

Are viruses alive?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 30

They attach onto a hosts receptor proteins with their complementary receptor proteins and inject their genetic material which hijacks the hosts cell and the viruses uses the hosts cells organelles to reproduce more viruses