Define nucleus.
The control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating gene expression.
What is the function of ribosomes?
They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.
True or false: The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
TRUE
They generate ATP through cellular respiration.
Fill in the blank: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in _______ synthesis.
lipid and protein
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.
Define lysosomes.
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and cellular debris.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
True or false: Plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
TRUE
It regulates the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.
Fill in the blank: Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance found _______ the cell membrane.
within
What is the primary function of centrioles?
They assist in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle.
Define vacuoles.
Storage organelles that hold various substances, including nutrients and waste.
What is the role of peroxisomes?
They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.
True or false: Cilia and flagella are used for cell movement.
TRUE
Cilia are short and numerous, while flagella are long and few.
Fill in the blank: The cytoskeleton provides _______ and shape to the cell.
structure
What is the function of cell wall in plant cells?
It provides rigidity and protection, maintaining cell shape.
Define nucleolus.
A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced.
What is the role of secretory vesicles?
They transport materials to be secreted from the cell.
True or false: Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton.
TRUE
They help maintain cell shape and facilitate intracellular transport.
Fill in the blank: Chromatin is composed of DNA and _______ proteins.
histone
What is the primary function of smooth ER?
It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals.
Define rough ER.
Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.
What is the function of plasmodesmata?
They are channels between plant cells that facilitate communication and transport.
True or false: Golgi apparatus is involved in protein synthesis.
FALSE
It modifies and packages proteins, but does not synthesize them.
Fill in the blank: The cytosol is the liquid component of the _______.
cytoplasm
