Cell Structure and Function -Part 1

Question 1

The only human cell we could see with the naked eye are the ______

Answer 1

oocytes

Question 2

USe ____ and ____

Answer 2

SEM (passing e- beams across surface); TEM (shows up as dark if dense)

Question 3

What is phase contrast

Answer 3

1. only get light that passes directly through the sample to get a higher contrast

Question 4

What is immunohistochemistry

Answer 4

Use antibodies specific to antigen we’re looking for (protein). Use second antibody for sample tagged with flourescent dye. You get multiple tags.

Question 5

What is bright field microscopy

Answer 5

basophilic structures are stained with hemotoxilin (stained purple) –> DNA, RNA, and ribosomes and eosin( stained pink)–> cytoplasm and collagen

Question 6

What is Periodic Acid Schiff

Answer 6

Detects carbohydrates. Turns magenta in prescence of aldehydes

Question 7

What does acid phosphatase reaction detect

Answer 7

Detecs phosphatase enzyme activity. Specific for peroxisomes. Make phosphate and this will react with sulfide. You get color product.

Question 8

What are the 4 main type of tissues

Answer 8

1. Nervous tissue: found in SC, brain. Main cell is the neuron.
2. Connective: Cells within an ECM matrix; bone, cartilage, blood, tendons, ligaments
3. Epithelium: forms lining of body cavities, external surfaces and glands. Has specific polarity (apical and basal)
4. Muscle: Subdivided into smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle. Smooth innervated by autonomic

Question 9

What are the jobs of epithelium tissues

Answer 9

shape and number of layers; important for providing barriers for our body

Question 10

types of connective tissues

Answer 10

Cartilage, adipose, bone, blood

Question 11

What makes up the cytoplasmic matrix

Answer 11

mostly water, ions, enzyme and other macromoleucules

Question 12

What are components of plasma membrane

Answer 12

phopholipid bilayer: forms a barrier to polar/charged molecules

2. membrane proteins: transport, anchor and acts as receptors for the cell
3. glycocalyx: coat covers exernal surface with carbs
4. cholesterol: determines fluidity

Question 13

WHat are properties of nucleus

Answer 13

bound by membranes. Store DNA. Has double bilyaer membrane and has pores to comm with other parts of the cell.
Heterochromatin: DNA thats not being transcribed; more dense
Euchchromatin: light staining; DNA that is activiely being transcribed.
Nucleolis: transcription of ribosomal RNAS. Stains dark!

Question 14

What do you see on upclose view of EM

Answer 14

Double bilayer, nuclear pores (gaps bet bilayer)

Question 15

What are components of mitochondria

Answer 15

Primary source of ATP
Carry TCA cycle and beta oxidation of fatty acids.
-Replicates by binary fission
-Synthesizes 8 of its own proteins
-99% of its proteins are encoded in the nucleus.
-Inner membrane is convulated; has cristae, inc surface area of mitochondrial membrane
-Outer membrane has a lot of channels permeable to water and ions. Protein composition is unique.