Cell structure and function quiz

Question 1

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 1

Diffusion: solute moves from high to low concentration
Osmosis: Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane (low to high solute concentration)

Question 2

How do concentration gradients influence the direction of net water flow during osmosis?

Answer 2

Water will always move from a hypotonic solution towards the hypertonic solution in an attempt to make both solutions isotonic

Question 3

For bags 2 and 3 in the dialysis bag experiment, the bag was placed in a hypotonic solution. So, which way did water move?

Answer 3

Water moves into the bag

Question 4

What cell structures are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (hint: there are 4)

Answer 4

• DNA
• Cytosol
• Ribosomes
• Cell wall + Membrane

Question 5

What are 3 common characteristics found in ALL cells?

Answer 5

• The outer boundary of the cell is the plasma membrane
• All cells store genetic info to make DNA
• Everything inside the plasma membrane that is not DNA or nucleus is cytosol

Question 6

Can you describe what a Coccus bacterium looks like?

Answer 6

Purple dots chunked together, looks like little islands

Question 7

Can you describe what a Bacillus bacterium looks like?

Answer 7

Purple lines that are sometimes in bunches, look like sprinkles

Question 8

Can you describe what a Spirillum bacterium looks like?

Answer 8

Pink almost curly strands but not really bunched together, look like eraser shavings

Question 9

What are the steps to making a wet mount?

Answer 9

• take a blank and clean microscope slide
• draw some of your sample using a pipette and place one drop on the center of the microscope slide
• take a coverslip and hold it at a 45-degree angle, touching the outer edge of the liquid
• gently lower the coverslip until it lays flat on its side

Question 10

Describe what a typical human cheek cell looks like.

Answer 10

A plasma membrane (outer boundary) surrounds the cytosol and nucleus (found in the middle of the cell)

Question 11

Describe what a human neuron cell looks like.

Answer 11

A delicate and branching structure, looks like a starburst with strands

Question 12

Describe what a human skeletal muscle looks like.

Answer 12

Long and organized muscle fibers that run parallel to each other, looks like stripes or tiger marks

Question 13

Describe what an Elodea cell looks like.

Answer 13

Green, (almost) rectangles that have scattered green dots everywhere, looks like stained glass

Question 14

Describe what an Anabaena cell looks like.

Answer 14

A long chain of green circles, looks like a green jump rope

Question 15

Plant and animal cells are almost identical, except plant cells have ______ and a ______

Answer 15

Chloroplasts and Cell Wall

Question 16

Describe the function of the Nucleus.

Answer 16

Holds DNA

Question 17

Describe the function of the Nucleolus.

Answer 17

Assembly of Ribosomes

Question 18

Describe the function of DNA.

Answer 18

Genetic blueprints

Question 19

Describe the function of the Cytosol.

Answer 19

Cellular support + transport metabolites

Question 20

Describe the function of the Mitochondria.

Answer 20

Generates ATP + cellular respiration (AKA the powerhouse of the cell)

Question 21

Describe the function of the Golgi body.

Answer 21

Making + sorting + packaging of Lysosomes

Question 22

Describe the function of the Rough ER and how can you distinguish it from the Smooth ER?

Answer 22

Protein folding + modifications + transport
The Rough ER is studded with Ribosomes

Question 23

Describe the function of the Smooth ER.

Answer 23

Lipid storage + protein synthesis

Question 24

Describe the function of Ribosomes.

Answer 24

Decode mRNA + protein synthesis

Question 25

Describe the function of Chloroplasts.

Answer 25

Perform photosynthesis + convert light energy

Question 26

Describe the function of the Cell wall.

Answer 26

Structural support + maintain cell shape

Question 27

Describe the function of the Vacuole.

Answer 27

Storage of water and nutrients + waste disposal

Question 28

Describe the function of Centrioles.

Answer 28

Organize microtubules + assembly of cilia and flagella

Question 29

What is a Hypertonic solution?

Answer 29

Has a higher solute concentration compared to another

Question 30

What is a Hypotonic solution?

Answer 30

Has a lower solute concentration compared to another

Question 31

What is an Isotonic solution?

Answer 31

Two solutions at an equilibrium

Question 32

What happens to a plant cell in a Hypertonic solution (20% NaCl)?

Answer 32

Water moves out of the cell, making it shrink

Question 33

What happens to a plant cell in a Hypotonic solution (Distilled Water)?

Answer 33

Water moves into the cell, making it swell but not explode due to the cell wall (this however is their preferred environment)

Question 34

What happens to an animal cell in a Hypertonic solution (20% NaCl)?

Answer 34

Water moves out of the cell, making it shrink

Question 35

What happens to an animal cell in a Hypotonic solution (Distilled Water)?

Answer 35

Water moves into the cell, making the cell swell and explode due to no cell wall