characteristics of organism
- Made of cells
- Require ENERGY (food)
- REPRODUCE (species)
- Maintain HOMEOSTASIS
- ORGANIZED
- RESPOND to environment
- GROW and DEVELOP
- EXCHANGE materials with surroundings (water, wastes, gases)
non-living levels of organization
- atom
- molecule
- organelles
living levels of organization
- cells
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
bigger scale of level of organization
- population
- community
- ecosystem
- biome
- biosphere
cell theory
- All living organisms are composed of one (unicellular) or more cells (multicellular)
- Cell is the basic unit of life of the structural organization of an organism
prokaryotes
- unicellular
- lacks a well defined nucleus
- DNA found in the nucleoid
prokaryotic cells
Keeps our ecosystems going bcs theyre responsible for the decay of organic material.
eukaryotes
- unicellular or multicellular
- Any cell or organism that possesses a clear nucleus
nucleus
stores dna or hereditary information
nucleolus
manufactures cell’s protein-producing structures and ribosomes
nucleopore
allows proteins and nucleic acids to pass through
plastids
- membrane-bound organelles that have their own dna
- form the building blocks of the cell
leucoplasts
used for storage of protein, lipid, and starch
chloroplast
absorbs light energy and used to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose
central vacuole
to sustain turgor pressure against cell wall
golgi apparatus
involved in distributing synthesized macromolecules to various parts of the cell
ribosomes
receive orders for protein synthesis where DNA is found and transcribed into messenger RNA
mitochondria
- powerhouse of the cell
- provide energy by breaking down carbohydrate and sugar molecules
lysosome
- suicidal bags
- hold digestive enzymes in an enclosed membrane
chloroplasts
- Has an outer, inner, and membrane structures called thylakoids that are stacked into grana
