cell structure, function, and specialisation

Question 1

cell structure and function

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

a simple, single-celled organism found in domains of bacteria and archaea - and has no true nucleus

Question 2

cell structure and function

cell structure of prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

nucleoid, plasmids, 70S ribosomes,capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplsm,flagellum.

Question 3

cell structure and function

what is a nucleoid?

Answer 3

a region containing DNA that is not membrane bound

found in prokaryotes

Question 4

cell structure and function

what are plasmids?

Answer 4

small circular DNA, often antibiotic resistance

found in prokaryotes

Question 5

cell structure and function

what are 70S ribosomes?

Answer 5

the site of protein synthesis

found in prokaryotes

Question 6

cell structure and function

what is the capsule?

Answer 6

a protective layer, prevents desiccation and phagocytosis

found in prokaryotes

Question 7

cell structure and function

what is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

provides shape and protection

found in prokaryotes

Question 8

cell structure and function

what is the flagella?

Answer 8

a tail used for movement

found in prokaryotes

Question 9

cell structure and function

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 9

complex cells characterised by having membrane bound nucleus which houses genetic material and other membrane bound organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic recticulum)

Question 10

cell structure and function

what is a nucleus and what type of cell are they in?
(& nucleolus)

Answer 10

stores DNA and directs cell activities in animal and plant cells (growth, division, and protein synthesis)

found in eukaryotes

Question 11

cell structure and function

what is the cytoplasm and what type of cell is it in?

Answer 11

the site of metabolic reactions in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 12

cell structure and function

what is the function of the cell membrane and what type of cell is it in?

Answer 12

controls the entry/exit of substances in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 13

cell structure and function

what is the function of rough endoplasmic recticulum and what type of cell is it in?

Answer 13

protein synthesis in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 14

cell structure and function

what is the function of smooth endoplasmic recticulum and what type of cell is it in?

Answer 14

lipid synthesis in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 15

cell structure and function

what does the golgi apparatus do and what type of cell is it in?

Answer 15

modifies, packages, and transports proteins in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 16

cell structure and function

what is the function of vesicles and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 16

they transport within the cell in animal cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 17

cell structure and function

what are lyosomes and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 17

digestive enzymes, they break down waste
in animal cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 18

cell structure and function

what do 80S ribosomes do and what type of cell is it in?

Answer 18

site of protein synthesis in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 19

cell structure and function

what is the function of mitochondria and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 19

they produce ATP via respiration in animal and plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 20

cell structure and function

what are the function of centrioles and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 20

they have a key role in cell division in animal cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 21

cell structure and function

what is the function of a cell wall and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 21

provides structure and support in plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 22

cell structure and function

what are choloroplats and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 22

organelles that perform photosynthesis in plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 23

cell structure and function

what is the function of vacuoles and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 23

storage and turgor maintanence in plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 24

cell structure and function

what is the function of amyloplasts and what types of cell are they in?

Answer 24

starch storage in plant cells

found in eukaryotes

Question 25

# cell structure and function what is the function of plasmodesmata and what type of cell are they in?

Answer 25

cell-to-cell communication in plant cells | found in eukaryotes

Question 26

# cell structure and structure what are the function of pits and what type of cells are they in?

Answer 26

facililitate water movement between cells in plant cells | found in eukaryotes

Question 27

# cell specialisation what is the palisade mesophyll layer?

Answer 27

a layer of lightly packed, column shaped cells found on the upper surface of plant leaves

Question 28

# cell specialisation structure and function of palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 28

structure: packed with chloroplasts, tall and rectangular, thin cell wall function: performs photosynthesis and absorbs light

Question 29

# cell specialisation what is a root hair cell?

Answer 29

a specialised plant cell on the epidermis of plant roots

Question 30

# cell specialisation structure and function of root hair cells

Answer 30

structure: long extension (root hair), thin cell wall, large surface area function: absorbs water and minerals

Question 31

# cell specialisation structure and function of sperm cell

Answer 31

structure: flagellum for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy, acrosome with enzymes, haploid nucleus function: reach and fertilise the egg

Question 32

# cell specialisation structure and function of egg cell

Answer 32

structure: large cytoplasm with nutrients, haploid nucleus, protective outer layer function: nourish embryo after fertilisation

Question 33

# cell specialisation what are white blood cells?

Answer 33

immune system cells made in bone marrow that are found in the blood and lymphatic system (lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil,eosinophil and neutrophil)

Question 34

# cell specialisation structure and function of white blood cells

Answer 34

structure: large nucleus or irregular shape, cytoplasm with enzymes, flexible function: fights pathogens (phagocytosis, antibody production)

Question 35

# cell specialisation what are red blood cells?

Answer 35

they carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of the body - made in bone marrow and found in blood that circulates the bodys veins and arteries