Cell Structures

Question 1

Cells were discovered by who? When?

Answer 1

Hooke 1960s

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells are the smallest living thing
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 3

All cells have what 4 similarities?

Answer 3

1. Genetic material in nucleus or nucleiod
2. Cytoplasm
3. Plasma membrane with phospholipid bilayer
4. Ribosomes

Question 4

Cromatin

Answer 4

Protein + DNA

Question 5

Protein synthesis

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

Channel system through cytoplasm

Answer 6

Rough ER

Question 7

Synthesis of protein that will be sent to lysosomes or membrane

Answer 7

Rough ER

Question 8

Synthesis of membrane lipids

Answer 8

Smooth ER

Question 9

Detoxify foreign substances

Answer 9

Smooth ER

Question 10

Synthesize cell wall components

Answer 10

Golgi

Question 11

Pack and distribute material around cell

Answer 11

Golgi

Question 12

Digestive enzymes break down macromolecules to recycle foreign matter cell phagocytosized

Answer 12

Lysosomes

Question 13

Vestibules of enzymes

Answer 13

Microbodies

Question 14

What are the two types of microbodies.

Answer 14

1. Gloxysomes: converts fats to carbs in plants.
2. Peroxisomes: oxidative enzymes metabolize waste (fatty acid and amino acid)
   Detoxify

Question 15

3 types of vacuoles

Answer 15

1. Central vacuole (Plants)
2. Contractile vacuole (Protists)
3. Storage vacuole

Question 16

Oxidative metabolism enzymes convert macromolecules to ATP

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

What is the layered inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Answer 17

Cristae

Question 18

What is the matrix?

Answer 18

Within the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria

Question 19

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Answer 19

Chloroplasts

Question 20

What are thylakoids and grana?

Answer 20

Thylakoids: membrane sacs located inside chloroplasts
Grana: stacks of thylakoids

Question 21

Protein fibers within eukaryotic cells

Answer 21

Cytoskeleton

Question 22

3 Functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 22

1. Shape and structure
2. Fixes organelles in place
3. Aids in transportation

Question 23

Main function is cellular contractions. Crawling and pinching

Answer 23

Actin filaments + myosin

Question 24

Filaments for structure

Answer 24

Intermediate filaments

Question 25

For cell movement

Answer 25

Cilla and flagella

Question 26

Centrosomes

Answer 26

9 pairs of microtubules surrounded by 2 central microtubules

Question 27

Peptidoglycan protects cell and provides structure

Answer 27

Cell wall

Question 28

CHO’s for cell wall

Answer 28

Cellulose - plants and protists Chitin- fungi

Question 29

Gram + vs. Gram -

Answer 29

Gram + No LPS (purple) Gram - LPS (pink)

Question 30

Synthesis of DNA to complementary RNA

Answer 30

Transcription

Question 31

Protein from mRNA to amino acid sequence

Answer 31

Translation

Question 32

Theory that organelles evolved through symbiotic relationships

Answer 32

Endosymbiosis

Question 33

What 4 similarities do mitochondria and chloroplasts have?

Answer 33

1. 2 membranes 2. Bacterial type DNA and ribosomes 3. Size of prokaryote 4. Divide similar to bacteria

Question 34

Glycoprotein and collagen that surround animal cells and can be connected to cytoplasm via integrin protein in membrane

Answer 34

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 35

Vesicles vs. vacuole

Answer 35

Vesicle’s membranes can bind to other membranes. Vacuoles cannot

Question 36

Synthesis of carbs, lipids, and steroids

Answer 36

Smooth ER

Question 37

Calcium storage

Answer 37

Smooth ER

Question 38

Tubes the resist compression and help transport vesicles

Answer 38

Microtubules