Cell Theory

Question 1

What does the cell membrane consist of?

Answer 1

Proteins and phospholipids

Question 2

What do phospholipids consist of?

Answer 2

Phosphorus and lipids

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Selectively permeable, controls passage substances

Question 4

What are the functions of the cell nucleus? Give 3 functions.

Answer 4

• Controls all cell functions
• controls inheritance (DNA)
• controls the synthesis of proteins

Question 5

What is diffusion?

Answer 5

The spontaneous movement of a gas/liquid from a high to a low concentration.

Question 6

What is osmosis?

Answer 6

Movement of water from a high to a low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 7

What is active transport?

Answer 7

Movement of substances against a diffusion gradient, energy is needed

Question 8

Give an example of active transport.

Answer 8

Respiration

Question 9

What is facilitated transport?

Answer 9

A carrier molecule is necessary/needed

Question 10

What is the formula for cell respiration?

Answer 10

C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O² → 38ATP + 6CO² + 6H²O

Question 10

What is the formula for cell respiration?

Answer 10

C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O² → 38ATP + 6CO² + 6H²O

Question 11

What are the three plastids in plant cells?

Answer 11

Chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts

Question 12

What are chloroplasts used for?

Answer 12

Photosynthesis

Question 13

What are chromoplasts?

Answer 13

Indicator of ripeness in plants

Question 14

What is a centrosome?

Answer 14

It is made up of 2 centrioles

Question 15

What is a centriole?

Answer 15

Spindle formed during mitosis

Question 16

Give the equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 16

Radiant energy + 6CO² + 6H²O → C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O²

Question 17

Give two functions of the vacuole.

Answer 17

• Vacuole lends support to plant through turgor pressure.

* Stores substances

Question 18

Give three points mentioned in cell theory.

Answer 18

• All living organisms are made of cells and are either unicellular or multicellular.
• The cell is the smallest basic unit of life that shows characteristics and properties of life.
• All cells come from cells that have existed before because cells divide to reproduce.

Question 19

Give three points mentioned in the modern cell theory.

Answer 19

• Energy flows inside cells.
• Hereditary information (DNA in genes) is passed on from one cell to another and instructs all activities in the cell.
• All cells have the same basic chemical composition.

Question 20

Give 7 examples of animal cells.

Answer 20

• egg cell (ovum)
• red blood cell
• sperm cell
• cheek cell
• bone cell
• nerve cell
• intestinal cell

Question 21

Give 6 examples of plant calls.

Answer 21

• vessels
• fibre
• epidermal cell
• root hair cell
• tracheid
• meristematic cell

Question 22

What are the 5 phases of mitosis in chronological order?

Answer 22

1. ) Interphase
2. ) Prophase
3. ) Metaphase
4. ) Anaphase
5. ) Telophase

Question 23

How much does percentage does each phase take up of the cell’s lifetime?

Answer 23

Interphase - 90%

Prophase to Telophase - 10%

Question 24

What are the three most important functions of Mitosis?

Answer 24

1. ) Growth of organisms. 2. ) Repair and replacement of damaged or worn cells. 3. ) Reproduction of unicellular (simple) organisms.

Question 25

What are autosomes?

Answer 25

They are body chromosomes

Question 26

What is a gonosome?

Answer 26

It is a sex chromosome.

Question 27

How many pairs of chromosomes does each cell contain?

Answer 27

23 pairs

Question 28

How many pairs of autosomes does one cell have?

Answer 28

22 pairs

Question 29

How many pairs of gonosomes does one cell have?

Answer 29

1 pair

Question 30

What does a XX cell portray?

Answer 30

Female

Question 31

What does an XY cell portray?

Answer 31

Male

Question 32

What is another term for interphase?

Answer 32

DNA replication

Question 33

Give 6 processes that occur in prophase of mitosis

Answer 33

* Chromatin Network shortens and becomes visible as chromosomes. * Nuclear membrane disintegrates. * Nucleolus disintegrates. * Nuclear plasma changes from a sol (liquid solution) to a gel. * Centrioles double and move to the opposite poles. * Spindle fibres form.

Question 34

What is the function of the spindle fibres in prophase?

Answer 34

Aid separation of chromosomes

Question 35

Give two processes that occur during metaphase

Answer 35

* Chromosomes arrange on equatorial level. | * Centromeres are attached to the spindle fibres.

Question 36

Give 3 processes that take place during Anaphase

Answer 36

* Spindle fibres shrink (shorten). * Centromeres split into two. * Chromatids move to opposite poles.

Question 37

Give three processes that take place in Telophase.

Answer 37

* An invagination forms. * Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) takes place. * Nuclear membrane and nucleus form.

Question 38

What is the end result of mitosis?

Answer 38

Two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 39

In a plant cell, what forms in the place of spindle fibers and centrioles?

Answer 39

A cell plate forms.