What is the cell theory?
1) All living things are made of cells. 2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell; maintains homeostasis.
What is the cytoplasm?
Jelly-like fluid where organelles are suspended and chemical reactions occur.
What is the nucleus?
Control center of the cell; contains DNA.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Make proteins.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Produce ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Membrane network that transports materials inside the cell.
Difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins; Smooth ER makes lipids and detoxifies.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
What are lysosomes?
Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and old organelles.
What is the function of vacuoles?
Storage of water, nutrients, and waste.
What structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Cell wall.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides structure and protection; made of cellulose.
What is a chloroplast?
Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
What is the large central vacuole?
Large storage sac in plant cells that maintains turgor pressure.
List three structures found only in plant cells.
Cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole.
Do animal cells have chloroplasts?
No.
Do plant cells have mitochondria?
Yes.
What are proteins?
Large molecules made of amino acids that perform many functions in the body.
Where are proteins made?
At ribosomes.
What are genes?
Segments of DNA that code for proteins.
What is DNA?
Molecule that carries genetic information.
What is transcription?
Process where DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.
What is translation?
Process where ribosomes read mRNA to build proteins.
