Cell Theory

Question 1

What is cell theory?

Answer 1

Cells are the unit of structure and function of all living organisms. New cells only come from pre existing cells.

Question 2

What are the three parts that make up a cell?

Answer 2

Plasma membrane
organelles
cytoplasm

Question 3

What are the two main parts to a virus?

Answer 3

Capsid - made of protein

Core - made from DNA/RNA

Question 4

Why are viruses considered non living?

Answer 4

Lack cell structure 
Do not ingest nutrients 
Do not grow or maintain themselves
Do not self reproduce 
They depend on host cell for replication

Question 5

How does DNA virus replicate?

Answer 5

1. virus inserts DNA into host cell
2. DNA then goes into host DNA
3. Host cell makes virus

Question 6

How does RNA virus replicate?

Answer 6

1. Virus inserts RNS and reverse transcriptase into host cell
2. Host cell makes viral DNA
3. Viral DNA inserts into host DNA
4. Host cell makes more virus

Question 7

TEM?

Answer 7

transmission - see inside

Question 8

SEM?

Answer 8

scanning - outside

Question 9

What is resolution?

Answer 9

the ability to distinguish between two near by objects.

Question 10

What is magnification?

Answer 10

How big something appears to be.

Question 11

Average size of plant cell

Answer 11

10-100 um

Question 12

Average size of organelle/bacteria

Answer 12

1-10 um

Question 13

Average size of small molecules?

Answer 13

1-10 nm

Question 14

Average size of virus

Answer 14

100nm

Question 15

What is the surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 15

When an object gets bigger the ratio decreases until the ratio is 1:1. When it become that the volume is less than 1 the cell will divide or die.

Question 16

What does volume Determine about a cell?

Answer 16

it determines the needs of a cell

Question 17

What does surface area determine about a cell?

Answer 17

The ability to meet the needs of the cell

Question 18

What are the needs of the cell?

Answer 18

Nutrients, oxygen and getting rid of waste (co2)

Question 19

What kingdoms are in single cell?

Answer 19

Monera, protista and some fungi

Question 20

What kingdoms are in multicellular?

Answer 20

Some fungi, plantae, animalia,

Question 21

Non-specialzed cells are?

Answer 21

Unicellular

Question 22

specialised cells are?

Answer 22

multicellular

Question 23

Different tissue types?

Answer 23

Epithelial - skin
Muscle - muscles
connective - blood
nervous - nerves

Question 24

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 24

Protects cell from bursting

Question 25

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 25

Regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Question 26

What is mesosome?

Answer 26

It happens just before binary fission, it pulls the cell apart.

Question 27

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 27

The fluid that surrounds the organelles.

Question 28

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 28

They make protein and are protein synthesisers, repair cells, help grow the cell and help in metabolic activity.

Question 29

What is the nucleiod?

Answer 29

Place where chromosomes are located

Question 30

What is flagella?

Answer 30

It is for movement of the cell

Question 31

What is pili for?

Answer 31

It is for cell recognition.

Question 32

What is the cell wall of bacteria made from?

Answer 32

Peptidoglycan

Question 33

What is the cell wall of plants made from?

Answer 33

cellulose, lignin

Question 34

What is the cell wall of fungi made from?

Answer 34

Chitin

Question 35

What are the functions of life in a unicellular organism? two examples

Answer 35

Have one cell that carries out all functions of life. Paramecium and Chlamydomonas

Question 36

What are the three exceptions to cell theory?

Answer 36

1. Skeletal muscle enclosed in membrane but are much longer. they are 300mm or more with hundreds of nuclei. 2. Giant algae - grow up to 100mm but only have one nuclei 3. Aseptate fungi - thread like structure, containing many nuclei.

Question 37

What are emergent properties?

Answer 37

they arise from interaction of different complex structures. all different cells working together to allow something to happen.

Question 38

Differentiation

Answer 38

process of determining a pathway of development into specialised cells.

Question 39

What are stem cells?

Answer 39

Cells that can divide and differentiate along any pathway of development.

Question 40

Where are stem cells found in adult body?

Answer 40

Liver, bone marrow, skin.

Question 41

Two diseases that can be treated through therapeutic stem cell use

Answer 41

Stargarts - retina malfunction causing blindness leukaemia - cancer to do with amount of white blood cells ju