Organization of living things: 6
[smallest]Organelles -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism [biggest]
Organelles
the small parts that make up a cell (each has at least one specific function)
Nucleus
is the control center of the cell and contains hereditary material (DNA, Chromosomes, Genes)
Vacuoles
Store waste and water (large in plant cells, small in animal cells)
Ribosome
Very small and is often represented by a dot) located on the ER or in cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are where proteins are made (protein synthesis).
Mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells.
Gives cells energy(powerhouse of the cell)
Cytoplasm
is the liquid media that fills the cell and helps transport material.
Formula for cellular respiration
Glucose + oxygen ————–> carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY (ATP)
Chloroplasts
in plant cells; where the process of photosynthesis occurs.
Formula for photosynthesis:
Sun’s energy + carbon dioxide + water ——-> glucose + water + oxygen
Cell Wall
Gives shape, structure, and protection
-Only found in plant cells
Cell Membrane:
- separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment
- controls the transport of materials into and out of the cell.(selective permeability)
- Cellular communication: Recognizes and responds to chemical signals by using receptor molecules.
Diffusion(Passive transport)
Is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of
low concentration. (NO ENERGY USED)
Active Transport
is the moving a molecule from LOW concentration to a HIGH concentration (USES ENERGY in the form of ATP).
Cell theory
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the basic structure of organisms
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
Receptor proteins
Picks up chemical signals from other cells
Antigens
Proteins that prevent the cell from being attacked by the immune system
Pathogens
A bacteria or virus that attacks the body
